2026-10-17T09:10:41Z https://biorisk.pensoft.net/oai.php

10.3897/biorisk.1 2008-12-03 biorisk

UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany author Settele, Josef https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8624-4983 Naturmuseum Südtirol, Bozen, Italy author Kudrna, Otakar UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany author Harpke, Alexander https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0919-4182 Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany author Kühn, Ingolf https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1691-8249 De Vlinderstichting – Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Wageningen, Netherlands author van Swaay, Chris University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia author Verovnik, Rudi Butterfly Conservation, Dorset, United Kingdom author Warren, Martin Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Austria author Wiemers, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5272-3903 UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany author Hanspach, Jan University of Lund, Lund, Sweden author Hickler, Thomas Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle/Saale, Germany author Kühn, Elisabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8894-2462 De Vlinderstichting – Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Wageningen, Netherlands author van Halder, Inge De Vlinderstichting – Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Wageningen, Netherlands author Veling, Kars De Vlinderstichting – Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Wageningen, Netherlands author Vliegenthart, Albert De Vlinderstichting – Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Wageningen, Netherlands author Wynhoff, Irma Germany author Schweiger, Oliver 2008-12-03 2008-12-03 2008 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 1 1 712 2008 10.3897/biorisk.1 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1821/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1821/download/pdf/ The overarching aim of the atlas is to communicate the potential risks of climatic change to the future of European butterflies. The main objectives are to: (1) provide a visual aid to discussions on climate change risks and impacts on biodiversity and thus contribute to risk communication as a core element of risk assessment; (2) present crucial data on a large group of species which could help to prioritise conservation efforts in the face of climatic change; (3) reach a broader audience through the combination of new scientific results with photographs of all treated species and some straight forward information about the species and their ecology. The results of this atlas show that climate change is likely to have a profound effect on European butterflies. Ways to mitigate some of the negative impacts are to (1) maintain large populations in diverse habitats; (2) encourage mobility across the landscape; (3) reduce emissions of greenhouse gasses; (4) allow maximum time for species adaptation; (4) conduct further research on climate change and its impacts on biodiversity. The book is a result of long-term research of a large international team of scientists, working at research institutes and non-governmental organizations, many within the framework of projects funded by the European Commission. DOWNLOAD COMPLETE VOLUME [PDF, 46.3 MB] Each chapter may be browsed/downloaded from the links below:0. COVER, TITLE PAGE, CONTENTS [PDF, 608 KB]A. CLIMATE CHANGE, BIODIVERSITY, BUTTERFLIES, AND RISK ASSESSMENT [PDF, 208 KB]B. METHODOLOGY [PDF, 516 KB]C. CLIMATE RISKS OF EUROPEAN BUTTERFLY SPECIES. Introduction and Hesperidae [PDF, 5.6 MB]; Papilionidae [PDF, 1.61 MB]; Pieridae [PDF, 5.0 MB]; Lycaenidae, Riodinidae, Libytheidae [PDF, 12 MB]; Nymphalidae, Danaidae [PDF, 21.2 MB]; Non-modelled species and summary [PDF, 328 KB]D. DISCUSSION OF METHODOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS [PDF, 572 KB]E. OUTLOOK: CLIMATE CHANGE AND BUTTERFLY CONSERVATION [PDF, 228 KB]F. APPENDICES, REFERENCES AND INDEX [PDF, 424 KB]Full-color paperback (EURO 59.00) and/or hardback (EURO 89.00) versions may be ordered at info@pensoft.net. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers climate change butterfly Lepidoptera niche model mapping Europe risk assessment Climatic Risk Atlas of European Butterflies Monograph

10.3897/biorisk.2.4 2009-11-27 biorisk

Finland author Heikkinen, Risto Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland author Leikola, Niko Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland author Fronzek, Stefan Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland author Lampinen, Raino Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland author Toivonen, Heikki 2009-11-27 2009-11-27 2009 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 2 1 32 2009 10.3897/biorisk.2.4 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1822/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1822/download/pdf/ Climate data and distribution data for the Canadian waterweed Elodea canadensis Michx. from North America, whole Europe and Finland were used to investigate the ability of bioclimatic envelope models to predict the distribution range and recent northward range shift of the species in Europe. Four different main types of models were developed using the North American data, including either three ‘baseline’ climate variables (growing degrees days, temperature of the coldest month, water balance) or an extended set of seven climate variables, both averaged either over a 30 year time slice or a longer 90 year time slice. Ten different random selections of pseudo-absences were generated from the North American data, on the basis of which ten separate generalized additive models (GAMs) were developed for each main model type. All the 40 developed GAMs were applied first to North America and then transferred to whole Europe and Finland. All the models showed a statistically highly significant accuracy in the three study areas. Although the differences among the four main model types were only minor, the two extended model types showed on average statistically better performance than the two baseline models based on Bayesian information criterion (BIC) values, the amount of deviance explained by the models, resubstitution validation and four-fold cross-validation in North America. They also provided slightly more accurate predictions of climatically suitable area for Elodea canadensis in Finland both in 1961–1984 and 1985–2006. However, the projections from the individual extended models were more variable than projections from the baseline models. Thus model predictions based on a variety of predictor variables but only one selection of pseudoabsences may be subject to biases, and outputs from multiple models should be investigated to better account for uncertainties in modelling. Overall, our results suggest that more attention should be paid to the careful selection of predictor variables and the use of multiple pseudo-absence sets in the ecological niche modelling in order to increase the reliability of the projections of the range shifts of invasive species. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers aquatic invasions bioclimatic envelope model Canadian waterweed climate predictor model performance pseudo-absences species distribution modelling variable selection Predicting distribution patterns and recent northward range shift of an invasive aquatic plant: Elodea canadensis in Europe Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.2.39 2009-11-27 biorisk

IBPN RAS, Magadan, author Marusik, Yuri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4499-5148 author Fet, Victor https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-600X 2009-11-27 2009-11-27 2009 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 2 73 76 2009 10.3897/biorisk.2.39 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1823/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1823/download/pdf/ N/A text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Species and Communities in Extreme Environments. Festschrift towards the 75th Anniversary and a Laudatio in Honour of Academician Yuri Ivanovich Chernov Book Review

10.3897/biorisk.2.38 2009-11-27 biorisk

10.3897/biorisk.3.40 2009-12-28 biorisk

Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt, Germany author Krupp, Friedhelm Old Dominion University, Norfolk, author Musselman, Lytton Regional Organization for the Conservation of the Environment of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (PERSGA), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia author Kotb, Mohammed Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany author Weidig, Ilka 2009-12-28 2009-12-28 2009 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 3 1 4 2009 10.3897/biorisk.3.40 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1825/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1825/download/pdf/ text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers The effects of climate change on biodiversity: Pressing issues and research priorities Editorial

10.3897/biorisk.3.30 2009-12-28 biorisk

Israel author Por, Francis 2009-12-28 2009-12-28 2009 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 3 5 19 2009 10.3897/biorisk.3.30 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1826/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1826/download/pdf/ Many thousands of tropical species have been settling in the Mediterranean during the last decades. This is the result of congruence between the present Climate Optimum, which is expressed in the warming of the sea and the opening of the contact with the Indo-pacific realm through the Suez Canal and a renewed entry through the Straits of Gibraltar. A historical review shows that tropical biota survived in the Mediterranean till the end of the Pliocene Climate Optimum and that presently we are witnessing a re-colonization of the Mediterranean by Tethyan descendants, rather than an invasion by harmful alien species as happens elsewhere. The limits of this resettling as witnessed today are discussed. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Lessepsian migration invasive species climate change Mediterranean biodiversity Tethys Tethys returns to the Mediterranean: Success and Limits of Tropical Re-Colonization Review Article

10.3897/biorisk.3.34 2009-12-28 biorisk

Germany author Krutschinna, Jenny Frankfurt University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany author Streit, Bruno 2009-12-28 2009-12-28 2009 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 3 21 25 2009 10.3897/biorisk.3.34 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1827/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1827/download/pdf/ Responding to inadequate awareness of the outstanding importance of biodiversity, the BioFrankfurt network was founded in 2004 in the State of Hesse, Germany. It is presented here as a case study and may serve as a model for other parts of the world, such as the Middle East. In 2007, only about 26% of the German population were familiar with the term “Biodiversity”, and most of them only had a vague idea about its meaning. The BioFrankfurt network of institutions addressed this problem, raising public awareness and supporting research, education and conservation. A regional biodiversity education program has been developed and delivered to more than 500 schools. Since 2007, an innovative public relations campaign combines raising awareness on regional biodiversity issues with activities to improve the public image of the Frankfurt area. Because of its geographical focus, the network’s activities gained the attention of local and regional politicians and other decision makers, culminating in the joint establishment of a new Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre by BioFrankfurt member institutions. The success of current activities attracts interesting partners, resulting in challenging cooperation initiatives. The authors are convinced that the network’s concepts and activities have a great potential to profoundly enhance the notion and acceptance of biodiversity issues elsewhere. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers BioFrankfurt biodiversity network education public awareness scientific communication The biodiversity network BioFrankfurt: An innovative strategic approach to integrative research, conservation, and education Review Article

10.3897/biorisk.3.18 2009-12-28 biorisk

Zayed University, United Arab Emirates author Gardner, Andrew Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates author Howarth, Brigitte 2009-12-28 2009-12-28 2009 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 3 27 38 2009 10.3897/biorisk.3.18 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1828/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1828/download/pdf/ The United Arab Emirates is a small Gulf country with perhaps the fastest rate of infrastructure development anywhere. While there is legislation in place requiring environmental impact assessments (EIA) to be undertaken for all major projects, the speed and scope of development provides special challenges in devising and implementing ecological mitigation against the loss of habitats and biodiversity that this development engenders. This paper critically discusses mitigation strategies that have been attempted, and suggests mitigation strategies in the local context. It is hoped that this will assist both the environmental consultants involved in the EIA process and the competent authorities who issue development licences, to the benefit of the remaining native biodiversity of the area. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers United Arab Emirates UAE mitigation environmental impact assessment biodiversity conservation translocation Urbanisation in the United Arab Emirates: The challenges for ecological mitigation in a rapidly developing country Review Article

10.3897/biorisk.3.12 2009-12-28 biorisk

Centre for Environmental Stewardship and Conservation, Ottawa, Canada author Rubec, Clayton Nature Iraq, Sulaiamani, Iraq author Alwash, Azzam Nature Iraq, Iraq author Bachmann, Anna 2009-12-28 2009-12-28 2009 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 3 39 53 2009 10.3897/biorisk.3.12 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1829/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1829/download/pdf/ Nature Iraq conducted biological surveys throughout Iraq during the 2004 to 2008 period under the Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA) Project. This continuing initiative comprises the largest and most comprehensive biological surveys to take place in Iraq in well over 25 years. Under the KBA Project in Iraq, Nature Iraq in cooperation with the Iraqi Ministry of Environment, has visited over one hundred sites in southern Iraq and in Kurdistan in northern Iraq to survey plants, fish, reptile, bird and mammal species. In addition, water quality physical parameters, sediment, plankton and benthic invertebrates were examined at these sites to determine the overall health of key habitat areas. Birds have been a primary focus of the surveys. This has involved the collection of data on these potential sites of key biological diversity including the identification of species, population counts and information on how species are using a site (e.g. breeding, feeding, migration, etc.). This paper provides an overview of this continuing project that will, over time, permit the refinement of data and the survey of more of Iraq as security improves within the country. The paper also summarizes current recommendations for the management of some of the KBA sites in Iraq. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Key Biodiversity Areas biodiversity surveys Kurdistan southern Iraq The Key Biodiversity Areas Project in Iraq: Objectives and scope 2004–-2008 Review Article

10.3897/biorisk.3.19 2009-12-28 biorisk

Nature Iraq, Sulaimani, Iraq author Abdulhasan, Nabeel 2009-12-28 2009-12-28 2009 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 3 55 68 2009 10.3897/biorisk.3.19 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1830/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1830/download/pdf/ New ecological surveys in support of the creation of the proposed Iraqi Marshlands National Park were undertaken by Nature Iraq in June 2008 at the Central Marshes in southern Iraq. Surveys that occurred in two focal areas - Al Chibaish Marsh (10 sites) and Abu Zirig Marsh (two sites) - were supported by a preliminary land cover survey in November 2007. Satellite images from 2007 for the Central Marshes were acquired to support creation of maps. The “Iraqi Marshlands Habitat Classiffcation System” based on vegetation types has been developed to inventory habitats in these marshlands and to develop a methodology for application elsewhere in Iraq. Six habitat classes (inland running water, river or canal; inland standing water; marsh vegetation; desert; woodlands; and herbaceous vegetation) are included in this classification system, each of which is divided into several subclasses. The dominant habitat subclasses in the Central Marshes study area are: (1) rooted submerged vegetation, (2) helophytic vegetation (reed bed or reed mace bed), (3) free-floating vegetation, (4) terrestrial vegetation-shrub, (5) unvegetated river or canal, (6) unvegetated desert, and (7) flooded communities. This paper constitutes a review of the progress in developing this habitat classification system that remains under development. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Habitat mapping Iraqi marshlands marshland restoration Habitat mapping project of the proposed Iraqi Marshlands National Park area Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.3.29 2009-12-28 biorisk

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel author Oren, Aharon Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany author Ionescu, Danny https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4658-8597 The German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan author Hindiyeh, Muna Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan author Malkawi, Hanan 2009-12-28 2009-12-28 2009 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 3 69 82 2009 10.3897/biorisk.3.29 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1831/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1831/download/pdf/ The freshwater thermal springs of Zerka Ma'in, located in Jordan in the mountains of Moab east of the Dead Sea, are densely inhabited by cyanobacteria up to the highest temperature of 63°C. We have investigated the cyanobacterial diversity of these springs and their outflow channels by microscopic examination, culture-dependent and culture-independent phylogenetic analysis, and by physiological studies of selected isolates of special interest. Both unicellular and filamentous types of cyanobacteria are present, and we identified morphological types such as Thermosynechococcus, Chroogloeocystis, Fischerella (Mastigocladus), Scytonema (occurring as large masses at lower temperatures), and others. Although morphologically similar cyanobacteria have been identified in hot springs world-wide, the Zerka Ma’in strains were phylogenetically distinct based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Considerable diversity was detected also in the gene sequences of nifH (nitrogenase reductase), encoding one of the key enzymes involved in nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen fixation in a Mastigocladus isolate obtained from the springs was investigated in further depth. The heterocystous strain could fix nitrogen (as assayed by acetylene reduction) at tem peratures up to 53°C. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Cyanobacteria Jordan Zerka Ma’in thermophilic cyanobacteria biodiversity 16S rRNA phylogeny nitrogen fixation Morphological, phylogenetic and physiological diversity of cyanobacteria in the hot springs of Zerka Ma Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.3.8 2009-12-28 biorisk

Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait, Kuwait author Polikarpov, Igor Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait, Kuwait author Al-Yamani, Faiza Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Sevastopol, Ukraine author Saburova, Maria 2009-12-28 2009-12-28 2009 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 3 86 96 2009 10.3897/biorisk.3.8 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1832/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1832/download/pdf/ Studies of the phytoplankton community were conducted in the north-western Arabian Gulf in 2005 and 2006. Seven stations throughout Kuwait’s waters were sampled. The influence of nutrient-rich freshwaters from the Shatt al-Arab resulted in high phytoplankton productivity characterized by high species diversity with a strong dominance of diatoms, especially in northern Kuwait. Phytoplankton species richness gradually increased from north to south. Spatial distribution of both total abundance and biomass of phytoplankton indicated significant differences in species structure and size spectrum of the microalgae. The analysis of the temporal and spatial phytoplankton variability (distribution of total abundance and biomass, similarity of species compositions and local community structure) indicated that Kuwait’s northern waters differed from areas further south in terms of phytoplankton structure and temporal and spatial variability. Environmental heterogeneity is mainly attributed to the influence of the Shatt al-Arab system, which affects the temporal and spatial variability of the phytoplankton community. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Phytoplankton diversity Arabian (Persian) Gulf Kuwait Space-time variability of phytoplankton structure and diversity in the north-western part of the Arabian Gulf (Kuwait) Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.3.16 2009-12-28 biorisk

Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Sevastopol, Ukraine author Saburova, Maria Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait, Kuwait author Al-Yamani, Faiza Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait, Kuwait author Polikarpov, Igor 2009-12-28 2009-12-28 2009 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 3 97 110 2009 10.3897/biorisk.3.16 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1833/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1833/download/pdf/ Taxonomic data of free-living benthic flagellates in Kuwait’s intertidal sediments are summarized. A full list of the species composition is presented, including distribution on different sediment types, species occurrence and light micrographs for each taxon identified. A total of 67 flagellate species were identified, representing six classes. Most of them are reported from Kuwait for the first time. The most abundant and diverse species were sand-dwelling dinoflagellates (43 taxa). text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Benthic flagellates intertidal sediments Kuwait Biodiversity of free-living flagellates in Kuwait’s intertidal sediments Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.3.20 2009-12-28 biorisk

Nature Iraq, Sulaimani, Iraq author Al-Obaidi, Ghasak Nature Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq author Salman, Suad Centre for Environmental Stewardship and Conservation, Ottawa, Canada author Rubec, Clayton 2009-12-28 2009-12-28 2009 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 3 111 126 2009 10.3897/biorisk.3.20 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1834/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1834/download/pdf/ Between the summers of 2005 and 2007, studies have been conducted for five seasons in several marsh locations in southern Iraq. During five surveys, 317 taxa of phytoplankton belonging to six major groups were identified. These included: 204 taxa of Bacillariophyceae (represented by 13 Centrales and 191 Pennales, thus 14% and 27% respectively of all taxa recorded), 59 Chlorophyta (28%), one Cryptophyta (4%), 39 Cyanophyta (21%), 10 Euglenophyta (2%) and four Pyrrophyta (4% of all the taxa recorded). The Central Marsh, Hammar Marsh and the Hawizeh Marsh had higher phytoplankton populations compared to all other studied sites. The dominant phytoplankton groups throughout the study area were the Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta. The dominant species were Cyclotella meneghiniana, Kirchneriella irregularis and Nitzschia palea. A progression in the richness and biodiversity of species occurred during winter. These three phytoplankton groups were dominant in waters of southern Iraq and were responsible for most of the species richness and diversity observed. Generally, sites changed from summer to winter according to the changing conditions associated with nutrients, salinity, temperature, and light intensity. These controlling factors influenced phytoplankton biomass from season to season. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Phytoplankton Iraq marshlands Key Biodiversity Areas: Rapid assessment of phytoplankton in the Mesopotamian Marshlands of southern Iraq Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.3.25 2009-12-28 biorisk

author Temina, Marina University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel author Nevo, Eviatar 2009-12-28 2009-12-28 2009 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 3 127 136 2009 10.3897/biorisk.3.25 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1835/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1835/download/pdf/ The biota of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi of different plant-geographical regions of Israel was analyzed. These areas differ in climatic conditions. A total of 350 species from 16 orders, 52 families, and 117 genera were recorded; among them 5% are endemic to the Levant. The highest species richness was found in the Mediterranean area. Species diversity of other areas with more arid climatic conditions were much poorer in comparison with species diversity found in the more humid and cooler Mediterranean region. Saxicolous lichens were the most common species. However, in the Sudanian penetration area, terricolous lichens dominated. Among phytogeographic elements, temperate species were dominant. However, the Sudanian penetration area was characterized by the dominance of Mediterranean and subcontinental species. Most of the lichens studied were xerophytic and photophytic species. They dominated all plant-geographical areas of Israel. In the Mediterranean region, mesophytic lichens were also common. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Ecology of lichens lichen diversity Israel species composition Lichens of Israel: diversity, ecology, and distribution Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.3.5 2009-12-28 biorisk

Ben Gurion University, author Volis, Sergei Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Israel author Blecher, Michael Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, author Sapir, Yuval 2009-12-28 2009-12-28 2009 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 3 137 160 2009 10.3897/biorisk.3.5 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1836/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1836/download/pdf/ We introduce a novel approach for conservation of endangered plant species in which ex situ collections maintained in natural or semi-natural environment are a part of a complementary ex situ – in situ conservation strategy. We provide detailed guidelines for 1) representative sampling of the populations; 2) collection maintenance; and 3) utilization for in situ actions. Our approach is the first that explicitly takes into account ecologically significant (i.e. adaptive) variation of plants in both ex situ and in situ conservation actions. We propose that an important part of the conservation strategy is preserving both neutral and adaptive genetic diversity through a quasi in situ conservation approach. Finally, we demonstrate this approach using a critically endangered plant species, Iris atrofusca from the northern Negev, Israel. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers In situ ex situ conservation strategy relocation translocation local adaptation Complex ex situ - in situ approach for conservation of endangered plant species and its application to Iris atrofusca of the Northern Negev Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.3.15 2009-12-28 biorisk

University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq author Abed, Ibrahim Centre for Environmental Stewardship and Conservation, Ottawa, Canada author Rubec, Clayton Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada author Coad, Brian 2009-12-28 2009-12-28 2009 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 3 161 171 2009 10.3897/biorisk.3.15 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1837/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1837/download/pdf/ Surveys of fish in the southern marshes of Iraq are an integral component of the Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA) Project that was initiated in 2005 by Nature Iraq. This included sampling in the January to February and June periods of 2005, 2006 and 2007. Fish species occurrence, relative abundance, and weight and length were recorded. Species of importance for local consumption were noted. An initial project report included details and photographs of the species observed in 2005. Records based on interviews with local residents are noted. Sixteen “Species of Special Concern” are proposed, considering both economic and ecological factors that may be relevant to a future national fish management strategy in Iraq. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Key biodiversity areas inland water fish Iraq Key Biodiversity Areas: Rapid assessment of fish fauna in southern Iraq Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.3.11 2009-12-28 biorisk

University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq author Hussain, Najah University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq author Mohamed, Abdul-Razak https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2879-9566 University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq author Al Noor, Sajed University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq author Mutlak, Falah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-3992 University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq author Abed, Ibrahim Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada author Coad, Brian 2009-12-28 2009-12-28 2009 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 3 173 186 2009 10.3897/biorisk.3.11 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1838/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1838/download/pdf/ The aim of the present study is to determine the species composition, the structure of the fish assemblages, and to develop ecological indices in the restored east Al-Hammar Marsh. Fish were collected from October 2005 to September 2006 at two stations (Mansoury and Burkah). Fish samples contained freshwater species, both native and alien, and marine species. Thirty-one species were collected, eleven of them marine, the rest freshwater. Native species numbered 14 (45%), alien species 6 (19%) and marine species 11 (36%). Resident species formed 32.2%, seasonal species 16.0% and occasional species 51.6% of the fauna. The abundance of species varied, Liza abu being the most dominant species, with Carassius auratus ranking second and Acanthobrama marmid ranking third, comprising 35.8%, 23.6% and 10.6% respectively. Ecological indices were as follows: diversity ranged from 1.07 in November to 2.01 in July, richness ranged from 0.74 in December to 2.83 in July, and evenness ranged from 0.48 in November to 0.84 in December. The highest monthly similarity was in May at 77% and lowest in December at 29%. Water temperature showed medium correlations (0.62 and 0.58) with both the number of species and the total catch, respectively, while salinity exhibited weak positive correlations (0.05 and 0.26) with both the number and the total catch of species, respectively. Temperature is related to species number, presumably as a surrogate for many other seasonal changes. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Species composition fish assemblage ecological indices tidal marsh diversity Mesopotamian marshes alien species Iraq Structure and ecological indices of the fish assemblage of the recently restored Al-Hammar Marsh, southern Iraq Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.3.21 2009-12-28 biorisk

Nature Iraq, Iraq author Ararat, Korsh 2009-12-28 2009-12-28 2009 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 3 187 203 2009 10.3897/biorisk.3.21 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1839/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1839/download/pdf/ Bird surveys to help identify and assess Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) were undertaken in Kurdistan in the winter and summer of 2008. The winter survey was from 19 January to 8 February and the summer survey from 7 May to 16 June, a total of 45 days. During these periods a total of 34 sites were surveyed in the North Iraq governorates of Sulaimani, Erbil, and Dohuk and 185 species of birds recorded. Of these, according to IUCN criteria, one species was globally endangered, three vulnerable and two near threat- ened. In addition, 32 species were considered to be of conservation concern in Iraq, based on a system developed by Richard Porter. Of the species observed, 124 were confirmed or probable breeding, whilst 59 were winter visitors. The KBA selection process used the Middle East Important Bird Areas (IBAs) criteria, which considers seven species-based categories. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Key Biodiversity Areas birds Kurdistan Iraq Key Biodiversity Areas: Rapid assessment of birds in Kurdistan, northern Iraq Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.3.14 2009-12-28 biorisk

Nature Iraq, Sulaimani, Iraq author Salim, Mudhafar BirdLife International, Cambridge, United Kingdom author Porter, Richard Centre for Environmental Stewardship and Conservation, Ottawa, Canada author Rubec, Clayton 2009-12-28 2009-12-28 2009 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 3 205 219 2009 10.3897/biorisk.3.14 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1840/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1840/download/pdf/ The marshlands of Lower Mesopotamia witnessed severe draining programs during late 1980s and early 2000s, which turned vast areas of the former water body into desert areas. New field surveys of birds and their habitats in the marshes of southern Iraq were launched in 2005 through a national and international partnership of non-government organizations, ministries and donor agencies. This has resulted in the collection and collation of new data on the status, distribution and habitat requirements of birds and other biota in Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) in Iraq from 2005 to 2008. This paper summarizes the bird data obtained in these surveys in the southern marshes, during which 159 species of birds were recorded; of these 34 are considered to be of conservation concern, including eight that are globally threatened. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers KBA Iraq birds A summary of birds recorded in the marshes of southern Iraq, 2005–-2008 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.41 2010-07-06 biorisk

The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand author Hulme, Philip https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5712-0474 Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, United Kingdom author Roy, David https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5147-0331 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 1 3 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.41 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1841/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1841/download/pdf/ text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers DAISIE and arthropod invasions in Europe Editorial

10.3897/biorisk.4.43 2010-07-06 biorisk

Community Ecology, University of Bern, Bern, Bern, Switzerland author Nentwig, Wolfgang Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Uppsala, Sweden author Josefsson, Melanie 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 5 9 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.43 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1842/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1842/download/pdf/ text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Introduction. Chapter 1 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.70 2010-07-06 biorisk

INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, Orléans, France author Roques, Alain 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 11 26 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.70 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1843/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1843/download/pdf/ A total of 1590 species of arthropods alien to Europe have already established on the continent, including 226 more or less cosmopolitan species of uncertain origin (cryptogenic). These alien species are dispersed across 33 taxonomic orders, including crustaceans, chilopods, diplopods, pauropods, Symphyla, mites, arachnids, and insects. However, insects largely dominate, accounting for more than 87% of the species, far in excess of mites (6.4%). Three of the insect orders, namely Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera, overall account for nearly 65 % of the total. The alien fauna seems to be highly diverse with a total of 257 families involved, of which 30 have no native representatives. However, just 11 families contribute more than 30 species, mainly aphids, scales and hymenopteran chalcids. For a number of families, the arrival of alien species has significantly modified the composition of the fauna in Europe. Examples are given. The number of new records of aliens per year has increased exponentially since the 16th century, but a significant acceleration was observed since the second half of the 20th century, with an average of 19.6 alien species newly reported per year in Europe between 2000 and 2008. This acceleration appears to be mainly related to the arrival of phytophagous species, probably with the plant trade, whereas the contribution of detritivores, parasitoids and predators has decreased. Some taxa have not shown any acceleration in the rate of arrivals. Asia has supplied the largest number of alien arthropods occurring in Europe (26.7 %), followed by North America (21.9%) but large differences in the region of origin are apparent between taxa. Once established, most alien species have not spread throughout Europe, at least yet, with 43.6 % of the species only present in one or two countries, and less than 1% present in more than 40 countries. Large differences also exist between European countries in the total number of alien arthropods recorded per country. Italy (700 species) and France (690 species), followed by Great Britain (533 species), host many more species than other countries. The number of alien species per country is significantly correlated with socioeconomic and demographic variables. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers aliens arthropods Europe globalization taxonomy Asia drivers of biological invasion Taxonomy, time and geographic patterns. Chapter 2 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.60 2010-07-06 biorisk

Environment Agency Austria, Dept. Biodiversity & Nature Conservation, Vienna, Vienna, Austria author Rabitsch, Wolfgang 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 27 43 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.60 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1844/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1844/download/pdf/ This chapter reviews the pathways and vectors of the terrestrial alien arthropod species in Europe according to the DAISIE-database. The majority of species (1341 spp., 86%) were introduced unintentionally, whereas 218 species (14%) were introduced intentionally, almost all of these for biological control purposes. The horticultural/ornamental-pathway is by far the most important (468 spp., 29%), followed by unintentional escapees (e.g., from greenhouses, 204 spp., 13%), stored product pests (201 spp., 12%), stowaways (95 spp., 6%), forest and crop pests (90 spp. and 70 spp., 6% and 4%). For 431 species (27%), the pathway is unknown. The unaided pathway, describing leading-edge dispersal of an alien species to a new region from a donor region where it is also alien, is expected to be common for arthropods in continental Europe, although not precisely documented in the data. Selected examples are given for each pathway. The spatiotemporal signal in the relevance of pathways and vectors and implications for alien species management and policy options are also discussed. Identifying and tackling pathways is considered an important component of any strategy to reduce propagule pressure of the often small and unintentionally translocated, mega-diverse arthropods. This requires coordination and clear responsibilities for all sectors involved in policy development and for all associated stake-holders. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers alien species non-native species pathways vectors Europe Pathways and vectors of alien arthropods in Europe. Chapter 3 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.66 2010-07-06 biorisk

INRA UR633 Zoologie Forestiere, Orleans, Orleans, France author Lopez Vaamonde, Carlos https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2278-2368 University of Belgrade, Belgrade, author Glavendekic, Milka https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1219-8897 Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal author Rosa Paiva, Maria 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 46 50 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.66 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1845/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1845/download/pdf/ More than 65% (1040 species) of arthropod species alien to Europe are associated with human-made habitats, especially parks and gardens, human settlements and agricultural lands, whereas woodlands are yet colonized by less than 20% of the alien fauna, which still has a negligible representation in the other natural and semi-natural habitats. Large differences in habitat affinity are observed between alien taxonomic groups. Phytophagous species are predominant among aliens, representing 47.2% of species alien to Europe. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers alien arthropod habitat Europe level of invasion urban semi-urban Invaded habitats. Chapter 4 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.42 2010-07-06 biorisk

CABI Europe-Switzerland, Delémont, Switzerland author Kenis, Marc https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3179-0872 Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal author Branco, Manuela 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 51 71 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.42 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1846/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1846/download/pdf/ This chapter reviews the effects of alien terrestrial arthropods on the economy, society and environment in Europe. Many alien insect and mite species cause serious socio-economic hazards as pests of agriculture, horticulture, stored products and forestry. They may also affect human or animal health. Interestingly, there is relatively little information available on the exact yield and financial losses due to alien agricultural and forestry pests in Europe, particularly at continental scale. Several alien species may have a positive impact on the economy, for example parasitoids and predators introduced for the biological control of important pests. Invasive alien arthropods can also cause environmental hazards. They may affect native biodiversity through various mechanisms, including herbivory, predation, parasitism, competition for resource and space, or as vectors of diseases. They can also affect ecosystem services and processes through cascading effects. However, these ecological impacts are poorly studied, particularly in Europe, where only a handful cases have been reported. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Biological invasions economic impact environmental impact alien arthropods Impact of alien terrestrial arthropods in Europe. Chapter 5 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.67 2010-07-06 biorisk

INRA - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France author Rasplus, Jean-Yves 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 73 80 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.67 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1847/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1847/download/pdf/ text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Future trends. Chapter 6 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.54 2010-07-06 biorisk

Toulouse, France author Cochard, Pierre-Olivier University of Helsinki, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, Helsinki, Finland author Vilisics, Ferenc Cheffes, France author Sechet, Emmanuel 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 81 96 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.54 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1848/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1848/download/pdf/ A total of 17 terrestrial crustacean species aliens to Europe of which 13 isopods (woodlice) and 4 amphipods (lawn shrimps) have established on the continent. In addition, 21 species native to Europe were introduced in a European region to which they are not native. The establishment of alien crustacean species in Europe slowly increased during the 20th century without any marked changes during the recent decades. Almost all species alien to Europe originate from sub-tropical or tropical areas. Most of the initial introductions were recorded in greenhouses, botanical gardens and urban parks, probably associated with passive transport of soil, plants or compost. Alien woodlice are still confined to urban habitats. Natural habitats have only been colonized by three amphipod species in the family Talitridade. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Woodlice lawnshrimps Europe alien Alien terrestrial crustaceans (Isopods and Amphipods). Chapter 7.1 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.51 2010-07-06 biorisk

National Museum of Natural History and Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria author Stoev, Pavel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5702-5677 Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy author Zapparoli, Marzio Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia author Golovatch, Sergei University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen OE, Denmark author Enghoff, Henrik https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2764-8750 Natural History Museum of Denmark (Zoological Museum), Denmark author Akkari, Nesrine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5019-4833 Ivybridge, United Kingdom author Barber, Anthony 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 97 130 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.51 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1849/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1849/download/pdf/ Alien myriapods in Europe have never been subject to a comprehensive review. Currently, 40 species belonging to 23 families and 11 orders can be regarded as alien to Europe, which accounts approximately for about 1.8% of all species known on the continent. Millipedes (Class Diplopoda) are represented by 20 alien species, followed by centipedes (Class Chilopoda) with 16, symphylans with 3 and pauropods with only 1. In addition there are numerous cases of continental species introduced to the Atlantic and Mediterra text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Diplopoda Chilopoda Symphyla Pauropoda Europe alien invasions intercepted species biogeographical patterns Myriapods (Myriapoda). Chapter 7.2 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.48 2010-07-06 biorisk

Community Ecology, University of Bern, Bern, Bern, Switzerland author Nentwig, Wolfgang Community Ecology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland author Kobelt, Manuel 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 131 147 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.48 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1850/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1850/download/pdf/ A total of 47 spider species are alien to Europe; this corresponds to 1.3 % of the native spider fauna. They belong to (in order of decreasing abundance) Theridiidae (10 species), Pholcidae (7 species), Sparassidae, Salticidae, Linyphiidae, Oonopidae (4-5 species each) and 11 further families. There is a remarkable increase of new records in the last years and the arrival of one new species for Europe per year has been predicted for the next decades. One third of alien spiders have an Asian origin, one fifth comes from North America and Africa each. 45 % of species may originate from temperate habitats and 55 % from tropical habitats. In the past banana or other fruit shipments were an important pathway of introduction; today potted plants and probably container shipments in general are more important. Most alien spiders established in and around human buildings, only few species established in natural sites. No environmental impact of alien species is known so far, but some alien species are theoretically dangerous to humans. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Buildings urban area greenhouse pathways venomous spiders Europe alien Spiders (Araneae). Chapter 7.3 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.58 2010-07-06 biorisk

INRA, Centre de Biologie et Gestion des Populations, Montferrier sur Lez, France author Navajas, Maria INRA, Centre de Biologie et Génétique des populations, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France author Migeon, Alain https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4041-5158 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Zaragoza, Spain author Estrada-Peña, Agustin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7483-046X Université catholique de Louvain, Unité d'écologie et de biogéographie, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium author Mailleux, Anne-Catherine Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium author Servigne, Pablo Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade-Zemun, author Petanović, Radmila 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 149 192 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.58 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1851/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1851/download/pdf/ The inventory of the alien Acari of Europe includes 96 species alien to Europe and 5 cryptogenic species. Among the alien species, 87 are mites and 9 tick species. Besides ticks which are obligate ectoparasites, 14 mite species belong to the parasitic/predator regime. Among these species, some invaded Europe with rodents (8 spp.) and others are parasitic to birds (2 spp). The remaining 77 mite species are all phytophagous and among these 40% belong to the Eriophyidae (37 spp.) and 29% to the Tetranychidae (27 spp.) families. These two families include the most significant agricultural pest. The rate of introductions has exponentially increased within the 20th century, the amplification of plant trade and agricultural commodities movements being the major invasion pathways. Most of the alien mite species (52%) are from North America, Asia (25%), and Central and South America (10%). Half of the ticks (4 spp.) alien to Europe originated from Africa. Most of the mite species are inconspicuous and data regarding invasive species and distribution range is only partially available. More research is needed for a better understanding of the ecological and economic effects of introduced Acari. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Europe alien mite tick Acari Eriophyidae Tetranychidae biological control Tetranychus evansi Oligonychus perseae Polyphagotarsonemus latus Brevipalpus californicus Aceria sheldoni Aculops pelekassi Dermatophagoides evansi Varroa destructor Mites and ticks (Acari). Chapter 7.4 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.56 2010-07-06 biorisk

INRA UMR Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations, Montférrier-sur Lez, France author Cocquempot, Christian Swedish university of agricultural sciences, Uppsala, Sweden author Lindelöw, Åke 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 193 218 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.56 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1852/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1852/download/pdf/ A total of 19 alien longhorn beetle species have established in Europe where they presently account for ca. 2.8 % of the total cerambycid fauna. Most species belong to the subfamilies Cerambycinae and Laminae which are prevalent in the native fauna as well. The alien species mainly established during the period 1975-1999, arriving predominantly from Asia. France, Spain and Italy are by far the most invaded countries. All species have been introduced accidentally. Wood-derived products such as wood- packaging material and palettes, plants for planting, and bonsais constitute invasive pathways of increasing importance. However, only few species have yet colonized natural habitats outside parks and gardens. Present ecological and economical impacts, and future trends are discussed. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Cerambycidae Europe Introductions Establishments Biogeographical origins Pathways Impacts Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Chapter 8.1 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.64 2010-07-06 biorisk

INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France author Sauvard, Daniel Technical University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal author Branco, Manuela University of West-Hungary, Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, Sopron, Hungary author Lakatos, Ferenc https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6718-6178 Agripolis, Department of Environmental Agronomy and Crop Sciences, Legnaro, Italy author Faccoli, Massimo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9355-0516 University of Bergen, Biology Institute, Bergen, Norway author Kirkendall, Lawrence 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 219 266 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.64 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1853/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1853/download/pdf/ We record 201 alien curculionoids established in Europe, of which 72 originates from outside Europe. Aliens to Europe belong to five families, but four-fifth of them are from family Curculionidae. Many families and subfamilies, among which species-rich ones, have few representatives among alien curculionoids, whereas some others are over-represented; these latter, Dryophthoridae, Cossoninae and specially Scolytinae, all contains many xylophagous species. The number of new records of alien species increases continuously, with an acceleration during the last decades. Aliens to Europe originate from all parts of the world, but mainly Asia; few alien curculionoids originate from Africa. Italy and France host the largest number of alien to Europe. The number of aliens per country decreases eastwards, but is mainly correlated with importations amount and, secondary, with warm climates. All alien curculionoids have been introduced accidentally via international shipping. Wood and seed borers are specially liable to human-mediated dispersal due to their protected habitat. Alien curculionoids mainly attack stems, and half of them are xylophagous. The majority of alien curculionoids live in human-modified habitats, but many species live in forests and other natural or semi-natural habitats. Several species are pests, among which grain feeders as Sitophilus sp. are the most damaging. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Europe Coleoptera Curculionoidea Curculionidae alien species invasive species xylophagy seed feeder Weevils and Bark Beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea). Chapter 8.2 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.52 2010-07-06 biorisk

ZP NIEUWEGEIN, Netherlands author Beenen, Ron INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, Orléans, France author Roques, Alain 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 267 292 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.52 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1854/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1854/download/pdf/ The inventory of the leaf and seed beetles alien to Europe revealed a total of 25 species of which 14 seed beetles (bruchids) and 11 leaf beetles mostly belonging to the subfamilies Alticinae and Chrysomelinae. At present, aliens account for 9.4% of the total fauna of seed beetles in Europe whereas this percentage is less than 1% for leaf beetles. Whilst seed beetles dominated the introductions in Europe until 1950, there has been an exponential increase in the rate of arrival of leaf beetles since then. New leaf beetles arrived at an average rate of 0.6 species per year during the period 2000–2009. Most alien species originated from Asia but this pattern is mainly due to seed beetles of which a half are of Asian origin whereas leaf beetles predominantly originated from North America (36.4%). Unlike other insect groups, a large number of alien species have colonized most of Europe. All but one species have been introduced accidentally with either the trade of beans or as contaminants of vegetal crops or stowaway. Most aliens presently concentrate in man-made habitats but little affect natural habitats (<6%). Highly negative economic impacts have been recorded on stored pulses of legumes and crops but very little is known about possible ecological impact. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Bruchidae seed beetle leaf beetle bioinvasion alien Europe translocation introduction Leaf and Seed Beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Chapter 8.3 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.49 2010-07-06 biorisk

NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh, United Kingdom author Roy, Helen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6050-679X INRA, Centre de Biologie et Génétique des populations, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France author Migeon, Alain https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4041-5158 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 293 313 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.49 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1855/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1855/download/pdf/ The majority of Coccinellidae are beneficial predators and they have received considerable research attention because of their potential as biological control agents. Indeed the role of coccinellids as predators of pest insects has been a major factor in the movement of coccinellids between countries. The commercial production of coccinellids by biological control companies and local producers led to a rapid increase in distribution thoughout the 1990’s. To date, 13 alien coccinellid species have been documented in Europe; 11 of these are alien to Europe (two are alien to Great Britain and Sweden but native within Europe). The distribution of alien coccinellids in Europe mirrors the biogeographical distribution and patterns of introduction. Some species have dispersed widely; Harmonia axyridis has spread rapidly from countries where it was deliberately introduced to many others across Europe. The ecological and economic impacts of alien coccinellids are not well documented. In this chapter we provide an overview of the temporal and spatial patterns of alien coccinellids in Europe. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Coccinellid ladybird alien Europe biological control agent Harmonia axyridis distribution patterns Ladybeetles (Coccinellidae). Chapter 8.4 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.61 2010-07-06 biorisk

INRA - Centre de recherche d'Orleans, 45075 ORLEANS Cedex 2, France author Denux, Olivier INRA – Centre de recherche de Versailles, Unité PISC, Versailles, France author Zagatti, Pierre 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 315 406 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.61 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1856/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1856/download/pdf/ Here we consider 274 alien Coleoptera species belonging to 41 of the 137 beetle families in Europe (Cerambycidae, Curculionidae sensu lato, Chrysomelidae sensu lato and Coccinelidae are treated separately elsewhere). Among the families we consider asinvaded the European fauna, Acanthocnemidae and Ptilodactylidae represent new arrivals. Many species-rich families have surprisingly few aliens, whereas some relatively minor families such as Dermestidae, Nitidulidae and Anobiidae have a relatively high representation of alien species. Since the start of the 19th century, the number of coleopteran aliens introduced into Europe has continued to increase. Alien species colonizing Europe derive from a wide range of geographic regions as well as ecozones, but the most important source area is Asia. The countries with the largest number of alien species established are France, Germany and Italy. The majority have been introduced accidentally via international transport mechanisms. The most important route for importation is stored products and crops, followed by transport of wood, then horticultural and ornamental plants. Most alien species in these families are found within anthropogenic habitats in Europe. The introduction of invasive alien beetles in these families has had significant economic impacts, particularly as pests of stored foodstuffs, as well as serious ecological impacts. For example, the buprestid species Agrilus planipennis, recently recorded in Russia, is an important potential economic threat which may also impact the biodiversity associated with ash trees. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Europe beetles Dermestidae Nitidulidae Anobiidae alien species invasive species stored products pests Coleoptera families other than Cerambycidae, Curculionidae sensu lato, Chrysomelidae sensu lato and Coccinelidae. Chapter 8.5 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.44 2010-07-06 biorisk

Environment Agency Austria, Dept. Biodiversity & Nature Conservation, Vienna, Vienna, Austria author Rabitsch, Wolfgang 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 407 433 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.44 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1857/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1857/download/pdf/ The inventory of the alien Heteroptera of Europe includes 16 species alien to Europe, 25 species alien in Europe and 7 cryptogenic species. This is approximately 1.7 % of the Heteroptera species occurring in Europe. Most species belong to Miridae (20 spp.), Tingidae (8 spp.), and Anthocoridae (7 spp.). The rate of introductions has exponentially increased within the 20th century and since 1990 an approximate arrival rate of seven species per decade has been observed. Most of the species alien to Europe are from North America, almost all of the species alien in Europe originate in the Mediterranean region and were translocated to central and northern Europe. Most alien Heteroptera species are known from Central and Western Europe (Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Great Britain). Ornamental trade and movement as stowaways with transport vehicles are the major pathways for alien Heteroptera. Most alien Heteroptera colonize habitats under strong human influence, like agricultural, horticultural, and domestic habitats, parks and gardens. A few species prefer woodland including plantations of non-native forest trees. Impacts of alien Heteroptera in Europe are poorly investigated. A few species are considered pests in agriculture, forestry, or on ornamentals. More research is needed for a better understanding of the ecological and economic effects of introduced Heteroptera. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers alien non-native Hemiptera Heteroptera Europe True Bugs (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). Chapter 9.1 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.57 2010-07-06 biorisk

INRA Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (CBGP), Montferrier-sur-Lez, France author Coeur d’Acier, Armelle University of Leon, León, Spain author Pérez-Hidalgo, Nicolás University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia author Petrović-Obradović, Olivera 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 435 474 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.57 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1858/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1858/download/pdf/ Our study aimed at providing a comprehensive list of Aphididae alien to Europe. A total of 98 species originating from other continents have established so far in Europe, to which we add 4 cosmopolitan species of uncertain origin (cryptogenic). The 102 alien species of Aphididae established in Europe belong to 12 different subfamilies, five of them contributing by more than 5 species to the alien fauna. Most alien aphids originate from temperate regions of the world. There was no significant variation in the geographic origin of the alien aphids over time. The average introduction rate was 0.5 species per year since 1800. The mean number of newly recorded species per year decreased since 2000 but this pattern may change in the following years. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers alien Hemiptera Aphid Aphididae Europe Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae) Chapter 9.2 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.45 2010-07-06 biorisk

Università di Padova - Dipartimento Agronomia Ambientale e Produzioni Vegetali, Padova, Italy author Pellizzari, Giuseppina Laboratoire National de la Protection des Végétaux, Station de Montpellier, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France author Germain, Jean-François 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 475 510 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.45 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1859/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1859/download/pdf/ Scale insects are frequent invaders. With 129 established species, they numerically represent one of the major group of insects alien to Europe. Scales are usually small insects with wingless females. Due to this small size and concealment, many species, mainly belonging to the families Diaspididae, Pseudococcidae and Pseudococcidae, have been accidentally introduced to Europe, mostly originating from tropical regions and essentially from Asia. The trade of fruit trees and ornamentals appears to be the usual pathway of introduction. At present, alien scales represent an important component of the European entomofauna, accounting for about 30% of the total scale fauna. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Europe Alien scale insects Scales (Hemiptera, Superfamily Coccoidea). Chapter 9.3 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.63 2010-07-06 biorisk

University of Malta, Malta author Mifsud, David INRA UMR Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations, Montférrier-sur Lez, France author Cocquempot, Christian Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany author Mühlethaler, Roland National Museum Wales, Cardiff, Cardiff, United Kingdom author Wilson, Mike Laboratoire national de la protection des végétaux, CBGP, Montferrier-sur Lez, France author Streito, Jean-Claude 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 511 552 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.63 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1860/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1860/download/pdf/ Apart from aphids and scales, 52 additional Sternorrhyncha hemipteran species alien to Europe have been identified within Aleyrodidae (27 whitefly species), Phylloxeroidea (9 adelgids, 2 phylloxerans) and Psylloidea (14 species of jumping plant-lice) in addition to 12 Auchenorrhyncha species (mostly Cicadellidae- 8 species). At present, the alien species represent 39% of the total whitefly fauna and 36% of the total adelgid fauna occuring in Europe. The proportion is insignificant in the other groups. The arrival of alien phylloxerans and adelgids appeared to peak during the first part of the 20th century. In contrast, the mean number of new records per year of alien aleyrodids, psylloids and Auchenorrhyncha increased regularly after the 1950s. For these three groups, an average of 0.5–0.6 new alien species has been recorded per year in Europe since 2000. The region of origin of the alien species largely differs between the different groups. Alien aleyrodids and psylloids mainly originated from tropical regions whilst the adelgids and phylloxerans came equally from North America and Asia. A major part of the alien Auchenorrhyncha originated from North American. Most of these alien species are presently observed in man-made habitats, especially in parks and gardens but alien adelgids are mainly observed in forests because of their association with conifer trees used for afforestation. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers alien Europe Adelgidae Aleyrodidae Cicadellidae Psyllidae Phylloxeridae Auchenorrhyncha Other Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha (Aleyrodidae, Phylloxeroidea, and Psylloidea) and Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha. Chapter 9.4 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.53 2010-07-06 biorisk

Unaffiliated, Praha, Czech Republic author Skuhravá, Marcela INRA Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (CBGP), Montferrier-sur-Lez, France author Martinez, Michel INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, Orléans, France author Roques, Alain 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 553 602 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.53 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1861/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1861/download/pdf/ Of the 19,400 native species and 125 families forming the European diptera fauna, 98 species (less than 0.5%) in 22 families are alien to Europe. These aliens constitute 66 species (18 families) of the suborder Brachycera and 32 species (4 families) of the suborder Nematocera. By family in this category, there are 23 Cecidomyiidae species, 18 Drosophilidae, nine Phoridae, eight Tachinidae and seven Culicidae. Another 32 fly species belonging to five families are considered to be alien in Europe. These invasives native to other European countries are composed of 14 species of Cecidomyiidae, seven Syrphidae, five Culicidae and three species each of Anthomyiidae and Tephritidae. The date of the first record in Europe is known for 84 alien species. Arrivals of alien species of Diptera have accelerated rapidly since the second half of the 20th century. North America appears to be the dominant contributor of the alien flies. The majority of alien Diptera were introduced into or within Europe unintentionally, with only three predators released intentionally for biological control. Alien Diptera are predominantly phytophagous (35.6%), while a lesser portion are zoophagous (28.6%) or detrivorous/mycetophagous (29.6%). Ecological impacts on native fauna and flora have not been documented for any of the alien species established in Europe. However, 14 alien species have economic impacts on crops. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers alien Europe Diptera Diptera. Chapter 10 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.50 2010-07-06 biorisk

INRA UR633 Zoologie Forestiere, Orleans, Orleans, France author Lopez Vaamonde, Carlos https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2278-2368 The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom author Agassiz, David https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4300-8067 INRA UR633 Zoologie Forestiere, Orleans, France author Augustin, Sylvie Leefdaal, Belgium author De Prins, Jurate https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7637-5755 Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium author De Prins, Willy Kranj, Slovenia author Gomboc, Stanislav Institute of Ecology, Vilnius, Lithuania author Ivinskis, Povilas The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark author Karsholt, Ole https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6969-2549 Volos, Greece author Koutroumpas, Athanasios Volos, Greece author Koutroumpa, Fotini Mendel University of Agriculture & Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic author Lastuvka, Zdenek Faculdade Ciencias Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal author Marabuto, Eduardo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7017-8451 Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain author Olivella, Elisenda Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Krakow, Poland author Przybylowicz, Lukasz https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5456-9479 INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, Orléans, France author Roques, Alain University of Gavle, Gavle, Sweden author Ryrholm, Nils Mendel University of Agriculture & Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic author Sefrova, Hana Nove Zamky, Slovakia author Sima, Peter Syngenta International Research Centre, Bracknell, United Kingdom author Sims, Ian Zoological Institute RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia author Sinev, Sergey https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2467-5403 Vekso, Denmark author Skulev, Bjarne University of forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria author Tomov, Rumen The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom author Zilli, Alberto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3416-8069 INRA UR633 Zoologie Forestiere, Orleans, France author Lees, David C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7580-8560 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 603 668 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.50 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1862/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1862/download/pdf/ We provide a comprehensive overview of those Lepidopteran invasions to Europe that result from increasing globalisation and also review expansion of species within Europe. A total of 97 non-native Lepidoptera species (about 1% of the known fauna), in 20 families and 11 superfamilies have established so far in Europe, of which 30 alone are Pyraloidea. In addition, 88 European species in 25 families have expanded their range within Europe and around 23% of these are of Mediterranean or Balkan origin, invading the north and west. Although a number of these alien species have been in Europe for hundreds of years, 74% have established during the 20th century and arrivals are accelerating, with an average of 1.9 alien Lepidoptera newly established per year between 2000–2007. For 78 aliens with a known area of origin, Asia has contributed 28.9%, Africa (including Macaronesian islands, Canaries, Madeira and Azores) 21.6%, North America 16.5%, Australasia 7.2% and the neotropics just 5.2%. The route for almost all aliens to Europe is via importation of plants or plant products. Most alien Lepidoptera established in Europe are also confined to man-made habitats, with 52.5% occuring in parks and gardens. We highlight four species in particular, Diaphania perspectalis, Cacyreus marshalli, Cameraria ohridella and Paysandisia archon, as the most important current economic threats. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers biological invasion introduction pest species Europe Lepidoptera globalisation Lepidoptera. Chapter 11 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.55 2010-07-06 biorisk

INRA - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France author Rasplus, Jean-Yves Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France author Villemant, Claire https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2466-5053 Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal author Rosa Paiva, Maria UMR Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations, Montferrier-sur Lez, France author Delvare, Gérard INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, Orléans, France author Roques, Alain 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 669 776 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.55 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1863/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1863/download/pdf/ We present the first review of Hymenoptera alien to Europe. Our study revealed that nearly 300 species of Hymenoptera belonging to 30 families have been introduced to Europe. In terms of alien species diversity within invertebrate orders, this result ranks Hymenoptera third following Coleoptera and Hemiptera. Two third of alien Hymenoptera are parasitoids or hyperparasitoids that were mostly introduced for biological control purposes. Only 35 phytophagous species, 47 predator species and 3 species of pollinators have been introduced. Six families of wasps (Aphelinidae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Braconidae, Torymidae, Pteromalidae) represent together with ants (Formicidae) about 80% of the alien Hymenoptera introduced to Europe. The three most diverse families are Aphelinidae (60 species representing 32% of the Aphelinid European fauna), Encyrtidae (55) and Formicidae (42) while the Chalcidoidea together represents 2/3 of the total Hymenoptera species introduced to Europe. The first two families are associated with mealybugs, a group that also included numerous aliens to Europe. In addition, they are numerous cases of Hymenoptera introduced from one part of Europe to another, especially from continental Europe to British Islands. These introductions mostly concerned phytophagous or gall-maker species (76 %), less frequently parasitoids. The number of new records of alien Hymenoptera per year has shown an exponential increase during the last 200 years. The number of alien species introduced by year reached a maximum of 5 species per year between 1975 and 2000. North America provided the greatest part of the hymenopteran species alien to Europe (96 species, 35.3%), followed by Asia (84 species, 30.9%) and Africa (49 species, 18%). Three Mediterranean countries (only continental parts) hosted the largest number of alien Hymenoptera: Italy (144 spp.), France (111 spp.) and Spain (90 spp.) but no correlation was found with the area of countries. Intentional introduction, mostly for biological control, has been the main pathway of introduction for Hymenoptera. Consequently, the most invaded habitats are agricultural and horticultural as well as greenhouses. To the contrary, Hymenoptera alien in Europe are mostly associated with woodland and forest habitats. Ecological and economic impacts of alien Hymenoptera have been poorly studied. Ants have probably displaced native species and this is also true for introduced parasitoids that are suspected to displace native parasitoids by competition, but reliable examples are still scarce. The cost of these impacts has never been estimated. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Hymenoptera alien Europe biological invasions Hymenoptera. Chapter 12 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.59 2010-07-06 biorisk

Laboratoire national de la protection des végétaux, Angers, France author Reynaud, Philippe 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 767 791 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.59 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1864/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1864/download/pdf/ Thrips (Order Thysanoptera) are found worldwide and include almost 6000 species. Several of them are notorious for causing extensive crop damage (by feeding on leaf tissue or by vectoring viral disease). Their small size (usually less than 2 millimeters) and cryptic habits have facilited invasions and establishment in Europe in the wild or in greenhouses. Fifty-two alien species, belonging to four families have been recorded within Europe. Species introduced before 1950 mostly originate from America, tropical and subtropical areas and subsequent arrivals generally originate from Asia (and from America to some extent). Five countries host more than 30% of the European alien thrips fauna and two alien thrips occur in more than 50% of the countries and islands of Europe. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Thysanoptera thrips alien Europe Thrips (Thysanoptera). Chapter 13.1 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.46 2010-07-06 biorisk

Luxemburg, Luxembourg author Schneider, Nico 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 793 805 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.46 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1865/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1865/download/pdf/ Among the 231 species of Psocoptera present in Europe, 49 (21.2%) are considered to be of alien origin. They include 29 exotic introduced species and 20 cryptogenic species. Most of the exotic species originated from tropical and subtropical areas, essentially from Africa. Many of them are food pests, moving along with stored products. Thirty-nine of these species occur in buildings in Europe. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Psocoptera psocids domestic stored products alien Europe Psocids (Psocoptera). Chapter 13.2 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.68 2010-07-06 biorisk

INRA - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France author Rasplus, Jean-Yves INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, Orléans, France author Roques, Alain 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 807 831 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.68 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1866/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1866/download/pdf/ For convenience, we treat all “polyneopteran” orders together. Five orders of hemimetabolous “Polyneoptera” include species alien to Europe, namely Blattodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera, Phasmatodea and Dermaptera. A total of 37 species alien to Europe have been recorded. These belong to 14 different families. Most of these species show a detritivorous feeding regime (22 spp.), whereas 12 species are phytophagous and two are predators. The majority of species were first observed between 1900 and 1975. Unlike other arthropod groups, the mean number of polyneopteran species newly recorded per year showed no acceleration since 1975. The alien “Polyneoptera” mostly originated from Central/South America and Asia (10 species each, 27.0%), followed by Africa (7, 18.9%). Germany hosts the largest number of alien Polyneoptera (15 spp.), followed by Denmark (14), Spain (11) and France (10). All but one alien species represent unintentional introductions. More than 75% of the species are associated with artificial habitats (houses, buildings and greenhouses) and cultivated areas. Blattodea and Isoptera have huge economic and/or medical importance. The cost of treatments and sanitary measures against termites and cockroaches, in particular, is significant in Europe. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Alien Orthoptera grasshoppers Blattodea coackroaches Isoptera termites Phasmatodea walking sticks Dermaptera earwigs Dictyoptera (Blattodea, Isoptera), Orthoptera, Phasmatodea and Dermaptera. Chapter 13.3 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.65 2010-07-06 biorisk

CABI Europe-Switzerland, Delémont, Switzerland author Kenis, Marc https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3179-0872 INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, Orléans, France author Roques, Alain 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 833 849 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.65 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1867/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1867/download/pdf/ A total of 31 Phthiraptera species alien to Europe are listed. They include 24 chewing lice and seven sucking lice of 12 different families. The families Goniodidae (Ischnocera) and Menoponidae (Amblycera) largely dominate the alien entomofauna of chewing lice. Asia is the major supplier of alien Phthiraptera which are mostly associated with poultry farming, game birds, guinea pigs and invasive alien mammals. The recent period did not show any acceleration in alien arrival in Europe. Alien fleas include six species in the families Pulicidae and Ceratophyllidae. Three of them are primarily associated with rats and are capable of transmiting major human diseases such as the bubonic plague and the murine typhus. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Phthiraptera lice flea Siphonaptera alien Europe Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera). Chapter 13.4 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.47 2010-07-06 biorisk

University of Bern, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Bern, Switzerland author Zettel, Jürg 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 851 854 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.47 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1868/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1868/download/pdf/ The alien fauna of Apterygota is still limited in Europe. Springtails (Collembolla) alien to Europe include only three species to which add a cryptogenic one. Two nowadays cosmopolitan species of silverfishes may originate from Central America. The reasons of this limited colonisation of Europe are briefly discussed. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Apterygota Collembola springtails Zygentoma silverfishes Springtails and Silverfishes (Apterygota). Chapter 13.5 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.69 2010-07-06 biorisk

INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, Orléans, France author Roques, Alain 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 855 1021 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.69 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1869/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1869/download/pdf/ Among the 1590 terrestrial arthropod species alien to Europe identified in this book, 78 were selected to produce specific factsheets in order to provide more information on their biology, distribution and impact. We included two more species which are alien in Europe, the horse-chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella) and the African cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) because of their importance. These 80 species are perhaps not the most important alien invaders, but they are rather representatives of the main taxonomic groups of alien terrestrial arthropods. They were selected so as to represent different pathways of introduction and diverse impacts on ecosystems, economic activities and human and animal health. These species include two myriapods, one spider, one mite, 18 coleopterans, seven dipterans, 23 hemipterans, 10 hymenopterans, one termite, 14 lepidopterans, and three thrips. Each factsheet includes information on the following aspects: Description and biological cycle: A brief description of adults and immature stages is given, whenever possible illustrated by a photograph, to help the reader identify the species. Further information details the general characteristics of the biological cycle in the invaded area, especially the species' potential to reproduce and the hosts it has colonized. Native habitat: The factsheet includes the habitat type where the species is found in its native range. In order to make habitat types comparable among taxa, we adopted the classification of the European Nature Information System (EUNIS) database (http://eunis.eea.europa.eu). The habitat type codes are detailed in Appendix II. When information was available, we included specific habitat requirements which may help understand the potential of the species to establish and spread in Europe. Habitat occupied in invaded range: The different habitats colonized by the alien species are described as for native habitats. Native range: The native distribution of the species is described. For some species, there is very precise information available, but for others, only brief details of a region or even continent can be given. Introduced range: The date of the first record in Europe and the location of this record is given, as well as details of the process of dispersion in the continent when available. A distribution map is supplied for all species. For most of them, presence/ absence data have been obtained only at country level, but for a few species, more detailed maps are given to show the distribution at regional scale. However, the missing occurrence of species from some countries does not always mean that these countries are not colonized, but may rather result from a lack of data for the country concerned. The map also indicates eradication records where relevant. Pathways: We included information on the routes of introduction to Europe, and the potential of the species to disperse within the continent once it has established. Impact and management: This section details the importance of the species' impacts in the colonized habitats. Both ecological and economical impacts are detailed when known. Practical advice where known is given regarding mechanical, chemical and biological control methods. Selected references: Three of the most relevant references to the history of the species' introduction and spread in Europe are given. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Introductory notes to factsheets. Chapter 14 Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.4.71 2010-07-06 biorisk

INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, Orléans, France author Roques, Alain INRA UR633 Zoologie Forestiere, Orleans, France author Lees, David C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7580-8560 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 4 1023 1028 2010 10.3897/biorisk.4.71 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1870/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1870/download/pdf/ text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Abbreviations and glossary of technical terms used in the book Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.5.854 2010-12-30 biorisk

IUCN, Gland, Switzerland author McNeely, Jeffrey 2010-12-30 2010-12-30 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 5 1 2 2010 10.3897/biorisk.5.854 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1871/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1871/download/pdf/ text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Climate Change Odonata Monitoring climate change with Dragonflies: Foreword Editorial

10.3897/biorisk.5.856 2010-12-30 biorisk

UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany author Settele, Josef https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8624-4983 Vermont Energy Investment Corporation, United States of America author Fanslow, Greg Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland author Fronzek, Stefan Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Germany author Klotz, Stefan Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany author Kühn, Ingolf https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1691-8249 Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Germany author Musche, Martin L.U.P.O. GmbH, Trippstadt, Germany author Ott, Jürgen University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa author Samways, Michael Germany author Schweiger, Oliver Sustainable Europe Research Institute, Germany author Spangenberg, Joachim University of Bayreuth, Germany author Walther, Gian-Reto Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Germany author Hammen, Volker 2010-12-30 2010-12-30 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 5 3 29 2010 10.3897/biorisk.5.856 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1872/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1872/download/pdf/ text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Climate Change Odonata Climate change impacts on biodiversity: a short introduction with special emphasis on the ALARM approach for the assessment of multiple risks Editorial

10.3897/biorisk.5.841 2010-12-30 biorisk

Essen, Germany author Conze, Klaus-Jürgen Soest, Germany author Grönhagen, Nina Höxter, Germany author Lohr, Mathias Münster, Germany author Menke, Norbert 2010-12-30 2010-12-30 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 5 31 45 2010 10.3897/biorisk.5.841 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1873/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1873/download/pdf/ Since 1996 the “Workgroup Odonata in North Rhine-Westphalia” (“AK Libellen NRW”) has built up a data base including about 150.000 data sets concerning the occurrence of dragonflies in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW). This data confirms an increase and spread of some thermophilous dragonfly species in NRW, and the effects of climate change evidenced by an increasing average temperature, are considered to be important reasons for this process. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers dragonflies climatic changes North Rhine-Westfalia monitoring Trends in occurrence of thermophilous dragonfly species in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.5.842 2010-12-30 biorisk

Hamburg, Germany author Hoffmann, Joachim 2010-12-30 2010-12-30 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 5 47 72 2010 10.3897/biorisk.5.842 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1874/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1874/download/pdf/ For nine dragonfly species (five aeshnids and four libellulids) all previous and verifiable data are related to the vertical climate zones and nature regions of the western Peruvian Andes and the Peruvian Pacific coast. Climate changes due to the El Niño and La Niña phenomena, as well as the global climate change have an influence on the different natural regions and also restrict aquatic biotopes. These changes influence the dispersal and behavior of some dragonflies and concern also loss of habitats as well as alterations of biotic and abiotic factors at and in water. However new waters and habitats also are formed in most nature regions. Specialists like Rhionaeschna peralta, a species of high mountain regions and the Puna, are not able to react to habitat losses by adaptation, while other species such as R. maita and R. marchali do colonize new habitats also in higher altitudes. While the here represented aeshnids change their distribution ranges within the vertical nature regions of the west Andes, this is suspected for three of the four libellulids (Orthemis ferruginea, O. discolor and Pantala flavescens) as latitudinally respectively longitudinally immigrations and expansions of their areals. For all species discussed, a seasonally earlier flight beginning is detectable, but for no species an extension of their flight time. Altogether, the above named three libellulid do react more flexibly and faster to the alterations by climate changes than the majority of the five aeshnid species. The influence of increased UV-B and UV-A radiation possibly affects also the site occurrence of some species in high altitudes of the Andes. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers climate changes dragonflies effects biodiversity biogeography Peru Andes Do climate changes influence dispersal and population dynamics of dragonflies in the western Peruvian Andes? Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.5.843 2010-12-30 biorisk

University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa author Samways, Michael 2010-12-30 2010-12-30 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 5 73 84 2010 10.3897/biorisk.5.843 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1876/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1876/download/pdf/ The absence of ice sheets for many millions of years, yet variable topography and changing climate, has generated considerable biodiversity in South Africa. There is no evidence to date that anthropogenic climate change has affected odonate populations in the region. One reason is that the highly varying weather and climate constitutes considerable background noise against which any effects of modern climate change must be measured. Evidence is accumulating that the Holocene interglacial and gradual warming has left some species with isolated populations in montane areas among a matrix of arid land. Many South African odonate species are remarkably vagile and elevationally tolerant, readily immigrating into and emigrating from pools during wet and dry phases respectively. Some species take this movement to greater extremes by moving the southern margins of their geographical range back and forth with varying climate. After floods, populations of riverine odonates can recover within a year, although where the riparian corridor has been stripped of its trees, the recovery is very slow. Various synergistic impacts, particularly from invasive alien woody plants, area severe impact on many riverine species, and reducing their ability to respond positively to changing environmental conditions. Large-scale removal of these woody aliens is greatly benefiting the odonates’ ability to survive in the short-term and to restore natural corridors for movement in the face of possible future climatic changes. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Climate change extreme weather dragonflies South Africa Impacts of extreme weather and climate change on South African dragonflies Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.5.844 2010-12-30 biorisk

University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa author Samways, Michael University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa author Niba, Augustine 2010-12-30 2010-12-30 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 5 85 107 2010 10.3897/biorisk.5.844 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1877/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1877/download/pdf/ Elevation and climate are interrelated variables which have a profound affect on biota. Flying insects such as dragonflies can rapidly disperse and optimal habitat conditions at appropriate elevations. Such behaviour is likely to be especially important in geographical areas which are subject to major climatic events such as El Niño. Accordingly, we studied dragonflies and environmental variables in a series of reservoirs over an elevational range of 100–1350 m a.s.l. at the same latitude on the eastern seaboard of South Africa. The aim was to determine how elevation and climate (as regional processes), as well as local factors, influence species assemblage variability, habitat preference and phenology. Certain environmental variables strongly explained the main variation in species assemblage. These included local factors such as pH, marginal grasses, percentage shade, exposed rock, marginal forest and to a lesser extent, marshes and flow. Different species showed various tolerance levels to these variables. Elevation and climate as regional processes had very little influence on dragonfly assemblages in comparison with these environmental factors. These odonate species are essentially sub-tropical, and are similar to their tropical counterparts in that they have long flight periods with overlapping generations. Yet they also have temperate characteristics such as over-wintering mostly as larvae. These results indicate evolutionary adaptations from both temperate and tropical regions. Furthermore, most were also widespread and opportunistic habitat generalists. The national endemics Pseudagrion citricola and Africallagma sapphirinum only occurred at high elevations. However, the endemic Agriocnemis falcifera was throughout all elevations, suggesting regional endemism does not necessarily equate to elevational intolerance. Overall, the results suggest that many millennia of great climatic variation have led to a highly vagile and elevation-tolerant dragonfly assemblage which readily occupies new water bodies. Such an assemblage is likely to be highly tolerant of global climate change, so long as there is sufficient water to keep the reservoirs at a constant level. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Climate elevation dragonflies adaptations South Africa Climate and elevational range of a South African dragonfly assemblage Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.5.845 2010-12-30 biorisk

Observatoire de la Faune, de la Flore et des Habitats (OFFH), Gembloux, Belgium author Goffart, Philippe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5495-3355 2010-12-30 2010-12-30 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 5 109 126 2010 10.3897/biorisk.5.845 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1878/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1878/download/pdf/ The occurrence of seven southern Odonata species has been watched in Wallonia over the last two decades (from 1981 to 2000). They have clearly expanded in the meantime and this pattern is still highly significant when the data are corrected for the increase of sampling efforts. Moreover, reproduction evidences have been collected recently (from 1993 onwards) for all these species and several settled and have now resident populations in Wallonia. In a second step, all present regular and irregular resident species of Wallonia were looked for change in range size and observation rate per visit between two six years periods of a survey and monitoring scheme, from 1989 to 2000. Analysis was achieved on grid cells visited at the right time at both periods, a procedure designed to neutralize the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of sampling. The comparison of results in relation to the distribution types of species and their habitat preferences show a significant global trend toward an increase for southern species during the investigated time interval, contrasting with other groups of species. If there is a tendency to rise for species preferring eutrophic still waters, this proves to be clearly due to the southern species sub-group, the other dragonflies of this habitat type showing a stable or even decreasing trend. Three distinct hypotheses are examined and discussed as possible explanations of the expansion pattern of southern species: (1) global warming, (2) change in aquatic habitats, especially eutrophication, and (3) intrinsic population dynamics. The rise of temperatures appears to be the main factor explaining the observed expansions. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Odonata range shift climate change aquatic habitat change eutrophication Belgium Southern dragonflies expanding in Wallonia (south Belgium): a consequence of global warming? Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.5.846 2010-12-30 biorisk

Suffolk, United Kingdom author Parr, Adrian 2010-12-30 2010-12-30 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 5 127 139 2010 10.3897/biorisk.5.846 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1879/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1879/download/pdf/ The history of recording and monitoring of Odonata in Britain is briefly described. Results are then presented which suggest that the country’s Odonata fauna is currently in a period of flux, in a manner consistent with the actions of a high-level regulatory factor such as climate change. The ranges of many resident species are shifting. Leucorrhinia dubia has recently been lost from southern England, but many species are presently expanding their ranges to the north and west, some (such as Aeshna mixta and Anax imperator) with considerable speed. In addition to these changes, a number of ‘southern’ species have started to appear in Britain for the very first time. These include Lestes barbarus, Erythromma viridulum (which has now become a locally-common resident in southeast England), Anax parthenope and Crocothemis erythraea. In addition to these distributional changes, some recent trends in flight times are also discussed. Evidence indicates that many species are now emerging significantly earlier than in the past, though trends relating to the end of the flight period are less clear cut. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Climate Change Odonata dragonflies monitoring distribution range expansion 'Mediterranean species' migration phenology emergence dates Monitoring of Odonata in Britain and possible insights into climate change Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.5.855 2010-12-30 biorisk

Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Belgium author De Knijf, Geert Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Belgium author Anselin, Anny 2010-12-30 2010-12-30 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 5 141 153 2010 10.3897/biorisk.5.855 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1880/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1880/download/pdf/ Since 1980, eight southern dragonfly species have been regularly recorded in Flanders. They show a significant increase in relative abundance, relative area as well as indications of reproduction since the beginning of the nineties, with peak occurrence mainly in the 1995–1999 period. Since 2000, numbers are lower but more species were simultaneously present. Three species, Lestes barbarus, Crocothemis erythraea and Sympetrum fonscolombii, show a combination of earlier arrival, earlier reproduction with a higher frequency and higher maximum ranges and can be considered asstable populations in Flanders. All other southern species show in general a later arrival, only one confirmed or probable reproduction and have much lower maximum ranges. Two other species, reaching their northern limit of distribution in Flanders, Erythromma viridulum and E. lindenii have clearly expanded their relative area since the eighties. Their relative abundance also increased although this shows more fluctuations. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Odonata dragonflies range extension Belgium climate change relative abundance When south goes north: Mediterranean dragonflies (Odonata) conquer Flanders (North-Belgium) Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.5.847 2010-12-30 biorisk

Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Wageningen, Netherlands author Termaat, Tim Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Netherlands author Kalkman, Vincent https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1484-7865 Arnhem, Netherlands author Bouwman, Jaap 2010-12-30 2010-12-30 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 5 155 173 2010 10.3897/biorisk.5.847 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1881/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1881/download/pdf/ The trends of 60 Dutch dragonfly species were calculated for three different periods (1980–1993, 1994–1998 and 1999–2003). Comparing period 1 and period 3 shows that 39 of these species have increased, 16 have remained stable and 5 have decreased. These results show a revival of the Dutch dragonfly fauna, after decades of ongoing decline. The species were categorized in different species groups: species with a southern distribution range, species with a northern distribution range, species of running waters, species of fenlands and species of mesotrophic lakes and bogs. The trends of these different species groups were compared with the all-species control group. As expected, a significantly higher proportion of the southern species show a positive trend than the all-species group. In the northern species group on the contrary, a significantly higher proportion of the species show a negative trend than the all-species group. Different explanations for these results are discussed, such as climate change, improved quality of certain habitats and degradation of other habitats. It is likely that the observed increase of southern species is at least partly caused by the increasing temperatures. The less positive picture of the northern species group is probably more influenced by other environmental factor than directly by climate change. Three out of six southern species which have become established since 1990 have done so during the aftermath of large invasions. It is concluded that dragonflies are well capable of using changing climate circumstances to colonise new habitats. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers dragonflies Odonata climate change invasion trends conservation Netherlands Changes in the range of dragonflies in the Netherlands and the possible role of temperature change Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.5.848 2010-12-30 biorisk

Rüti, Switzerland author Wildermuth, Hansruedi 2010-12-30 2010-12-30 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 5 175 192 2010 10.3897/biorisk.5.848 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1882/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1882/download/pdf/ Various methods for measuring the success of conservation actions and for evaluating aquatic habitats are outlined, based on quantified dragonfly monitoring. They are discussed with respect to their practicability and information value, counts of adult males and especially of exuviae yielding the most valuable results. These are presented by actual examples of mire ponds, streams, ditches and rivers from central Europe, making allowance for the dynamics of the habitats and their dragonfly community. Records of detailed data, if repeated subsequently at the same localities with the same methods, are considered a useful basis for preparation of distribution maps and for comparison of the fauna over the time. Fauna shifts in horizontal and vertical distribution over the time should be judged critically with respect to climate change as they could also be caused by anthropogenic habitat changes. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers measuring conservation effects species conservation monitoring dragonflies Odonata Monitoring the effects of conservation actions in agricultural and urbanized landscapes – also useful for assessing climate change? Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.5.849 2010-12-30 biorisk

University of Texas, Austin, United States of America author Matthews, John 2010-12-30 2010-12-30 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 5 193 209 2010 10.3897/biorisk.5.849 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1883/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1883/download/pdf/ Small freshwater aquatic lentic systems (lakes and ponds) are sensitive to anthropogenic climate change through shifts in ambient air temperatures and patterns of precipitation. Shifts in air temperatures will influence lentic water temperatures through convection and by changing evaporation rates. Shifts in the timing, amount, and intensity of precipitation will alter the thermal mass of lentic systems even in the absence of detectable ambient air temperature changes. These effects are likely to be strongest in ponds (standing water bodies primarily mixed by temperature changes than by wind), for whom precipitation makes up a large component of inflows. Although historical water temperature datasets are patchy for lentic systems, thermal mass effects are likely to outweigh impacts from ambient air temperatures in most locations and may show considerable independence from those trends. Thermal mass-induced changes in water temperature will thereby alter a variety of population- and community-level processes in aquatic macroinvertebrates. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers climatic changes lentic systems ponds dragonflies Anthropogenic climate change impacts on ponds: a thermal mass perspective Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.5.851 2010-12-30 biorisk

National Technical University of Ukraine, Ukraine author Khrokalo, Lyudmyla 2010-12-30 2010-12-30 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 5 211 223 2010 10.3897/biorisk.5.851 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1884/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1884/download/pdf/ A noticeable expansion of some Mediterranean species takes place in Europe during last several decades and this data are related to climatic effects clearly. The present work is a review of literature and original data on distribution of C. erythraea in Ukraine. In the beginning and middle of XX century in Ukraine the Scarlet Dragonfly was observed in southern area at Dnieper valley, in outmost southwest at Danube delta at the west of Ukraine in Transcarpathian and Forecarpathian. Next, this species was registered at the foothills of Carpathian Mountains. During last three decades C. erythraea was also recorded at the north and east (central regions, eastern, northern and northeastern areas). Since 2000 new points have been registered in Odessa, Kherson,Vinnytsya, Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Kyiv administrative regions and in Crimea. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers dragonflies range expansion Crocothemis erythraea Ukraine monitoring Expansion of Crocothemis erythraea in Ukraine Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.5.852 2010-12-30 biorisk

Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, United States of America author Beatty, Christopher Dalhousie University, Canada author Fraser, Stewart Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla, Mexico author Pérez-Jvostov, Felipe Carleton University, Canada author Sherratt, Thomas 2010-12-30 2010-12-30 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 5 225 241 2010 10.3897/biorisk.5.852 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1885/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1885/download/pdf/ We analysed temperature data and odonate distribution data collected in the province of Ontario, Canada, over approximately sixty years. Analysis of temperature data from 31 weather stations collected in the years 1945–2000 showed an overall significant increase in the minimum, maximum and mean monthly temperatures; these trends were not adjusted for changes in urbanisation. Comparison of county level presence/absence data for odonates from the 1950´s and 2002 found a slight decrease in the northernmost distributions of some species, although no significant patterns were evident. Lower sampling coverage in the larger, more northerly counties in Ontario, as well as the assessment of distributions based on county records may limit the sensitivity of our approach in detecting changes in odonate species distributions over time. Future work should focus on increasing the coverage, uniformity and geographic detail of available datasets, as well as evaluating range change through testing predictions based on the ecology and biogeography of odonate species. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers temperature Odonata climate change range extension Ontario Dragonfly and Damselfly (Insecta, Odonata) Distributions in Ontario, Canada: Investigating the Influence of Climate Change Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.5.853 2010-12-30 biorisk

Ecole d Ingenieurs HES de Lullier, Jussy / Geneve, Switzerland author Oertli, Beat 2010-12-30 2010-12-30 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 5 243 251 2010 10.3897/biorisk.5.853 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1886/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1886/download/pdf/ With climate warming, many Odonata species are extending their geographical area. In Switzerland, as in many parts of the world, this phenomenon may lead to a regional increase in species richness. The local richness (the richness of individual waterbodies) is also expected to increase, particularly in the alpine or subalpine areas where the waterbodies are particularly species–poor. Based on the species richness recorded in 109 waterbodies scattered all across Switzerland, a model is presented here relating the local species richness (adult dragonflies) to environmental variables, including the mean annual air temperature. This model predicts a sharp increase in species richness for alpine or subalpine waterbodies, which is expected to double or even treble before the end of this century. This increase would mainly be the consequence of the immigration of eurythermal species extending their geographical range, together with potential local extinctions of the cold stenothermal species. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers biodiversity Odonata alpha richness boreo-alpine species alpine ponds colonisation extinction The local species richness of Dragonflies in mountain waterbodies: an indicator of climate warming? Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.5.857 2010-12-30 biorisk

L.U.P.O. GmbH, Trippstadt, Germany author Ott, Jürgen 2010-12-30 2010-12-30 2010 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 5 253 286 2010 10.3897/biorisk.5.857 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1887/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1887/download/pdf/ In this paper the trends of dragonfly expansions during the last decades in Germany and Europe are summarized. It is shown, that there is a general expansion of many species to the north: Mediterranean species expanded to Central and Northern Europe, whereas some African species expanded to Southern Europe, some are even new to the continent. In general this means an increase of biodiversity, but looking at the ecological effects, in the medium term a decrease can be expected for mooreland and alpine species. Dragonflies can be regarded as a good indicator group for climatic change. Already now in some areas or regions negative effects on waters bodies and their dragonfly communities can be observed and more will occur if e.g. temperature rises or precipitation decreases. The consequences for nature conservation strategies – such as the NATURA 2000 network – are outlined and the general need for monitoring programmes is emphasised. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers dragonflies climatic changes indicators risks ecological effects nature conservation monitoring Dragonflies and climatic change - recent trends in Germany and Europe Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.6.1325 2011-12-19 biorisk

CAER, University of Reading, United Kingdom author Roberts, Stuart University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom author Potts, Simon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2045-980X University of Leeds, United Kingdom author Biesmeijer, Koos Natural History Museum, London, sdf, United Kingdom author Kuhlmann, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3664-6922 University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom author Kunin, William Durham University, United Kingdom author Ohlemüller, Ralf 2011-12-19 2011-12-19 2011 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 6 1 18 2011 10.3897/biorisk.6.1325 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1890/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1890/download/pdf/ Increased risks of extinction to populations of animals and plants under changing climate have now been demonstrated for many taxa. This study assesses the extinction risks to species within an important genus of pollinating bees (Colletes: Apidae) by estimating the expected changes in the area and isolation of suitable habitat under predicted climatic condition for 2050. Suitable habitat was defined on the basis of the presence of known forage plants as well as climatic suitability. To investigate whether ecological specialisation was linked to extinction risk we compared three species which were generalist pollen foragers on several plant families with three species which specialised on pollen from a single plant species. Both specialist and generalist species showed an increased risk of extinction with shifting climate, and this was particularly high for the most specialised species (Colletes anchusae and C. wolfi). The forage generalist C. impunctatus, which is associated with Boreo-Alpine environments, is potentially threatened through significant reduction in available climatic niche space. Including the distribution of the principal or sole pollen forage plant, when modelling the distribution of monolectic or narrowly oligolectic species, did not improve the predictive accuracy of our models as the plant species were considerably more widespread than the specialised bees associated with them. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Colletes bee climate change Europe risk assessment pollinator Assessing continental-scale risks for generalist and specialist pollinating bee species under climate change Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.6.1334 2011-12-19 biorisk

ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Flörsheim, Germany author Jänsch, Stephan ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Germany author Römbke, Jörg EcoStrat GmbH, Switzerland author Hilbeck, Angelika EcoStrat GmbH, Germany author Weiß, Gabriele German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN), Germany author Teichmann, Hanka German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN), Germany author Tappeser, Beatrix 2011-12-19 2011-12-19 2011 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 6 19 40 2011 10.3897/biorisk.6.1334 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1889/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1889/download/pdf/ According to the current legal background for the regulation of genetically modified plants (GMPs) in Europe, an environmental risk assessment (ERA) has to be performed considering i) the crop plant, ii) the novel trait relating to its intended effect and phenotypic characteristics of the GM crop plant and iii) the receiving environment related to the intended use of the GMP. However, the current GMP-ERA does not differentiate between different intended receiving environments. Therefore, the question is to be raised: How can the ’receiving environment’ be classified on the European scale, both in an ecologically relevant and feasible way? As a first step this proposal focuses on invertebrates in the terrestrial environmental compartment. In order to check if already existing regionalization concepts are suitable for the above raised question the following selection criteria were employed: Distribution of non-target organisms (NTOs): A suitable regionalization concept should appropriately reflect the specific characteristics of the animal and plant communities of the different receiving environments of a GMP. Therefore, such a classification should be done by an ecoregion approach, meaning that different ecoregions support different organism communities that may play a different role in supporting relevant ecosystem services. However, information on the distribution of invertebrates in Europe is not available in sufficient detail for this purpose. Hence, it is proposed to use the information about site conditions like climatic, vegetation and soil parameters, which determine the composition of invertebrate communities, for the selection of an appropriate classification concept. Size and number of geographical units: This is a trade-off between the total number of ‘receiving environments’ in Europe manageable in a regulatory context and the ecological uniformity of a single geographical unit. An intermediate size and number of geographical units should be the aim of the classification.With the ‘Indicative map of European biogeographical regions’ (IMEBR) there is an existing regionalization concept that meets many of the requirements identified above: the classification is based on parameters that also determine the distribution of invertebrate communities (i.e., the potential natural vegetation) and nine biogeographical regions represented within the 27 member states of the European (EU-27) are a manageable number for regulatory purposes. However, epigeic (living above ground) and endogeic (living below ground) faunal communities are determined by different biotic and abiotic parameters. For example, climate data is much more relevant for epigeic species than for endogeic organisms. The most important soil properties related to the distribution of endogeic organisms and plants are pH, texture, organic matter content and/or content of organic carbon, C/N ratio, and water-holding capacity. Hence, for endogeic non-target organisms there is currently no suitable regionalization concept available. For the time being, it is recommended to identify important species for testing purposes in each ecoregion with GMP cultivation by means of expert knowledge using the IMEBR for both epigeic and endogeic communities.The regionalization concept is intended to be used in the context of the ERA of GMPs for the assessment of risk for NTOs. Hence, it should be tailored for the area in the EU where GMPs are likely to be grown. The overlap between the biogeographical regions and the intended area of cultivation for a novel GMP form the different cases, each of which should undergo a specific ERA process.For example, there would be eight or nine separate potato cases for the EU-27 area, i.e. the Alpine, Atlantic, Boreal, Continental, Macaronesian, Mediterranean, Pannonian, Steppic and possibly the Black Sea biogeographical regions. For grain maize there would be five to nine separate cases, i.e. the Atlantic, Continental, Mediterranean, Pannonian, Steppic and possibly the Alpine, Black Sea, Boreal and Macaronesian biogeographical regions. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Ecoregion Environmental Risk Assessment European Union Genetically Modified Plants Non-target Organisms Assessing the potential risks of transgenic plants for non-target invertebrates in Europe: a review of classification approaches of the receiving environment Review Article

10.3897/biorisk.6.1568 2011-12-19 biorisk

University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria author Daskalova, Evelina University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria author Dontcheva, Slaveya University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria author Yahoubian, Galina University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria author Minkov, Ivan University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria author Toneva, Valentina 2011-12-19 2011-12-19 2011 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 6 41 60 2011 10.3897/biorisk.6.1568 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1888/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1888/download/pdf/ Representatives of the resurrection plants from Gesneriaceae family are included in the Red Book of Bulgaria, in the European Register of rare, endangered, and endemic plants, and are subjects of world’s conventions on the preservation of the biodiversity. The unique feature of these plants to recover from prolonged dehydration (anabiosis) is explored in numerous studies. These species are also Tertiary relics, so they could give us important knowledge about plant evolution.Our research group at the University of Plovdiv has established a national in vitro gene bank for Haberlea rhodopensis Friv. (25 localities) and Ramonda serbica Panc. (2 localities) from Bulgaria. The national gene bank is based on original and modified in vitro technologies and can serve as a conservation and biodiversity investigation center for the family Gesneriaceae.Basing on our work with Haberlea rhodopensis Friv., we are developing a strategy for conservation and investigation of rare and relic plant species (mapping and exploration of habitats – assessing the local risk of extinction - introducing in an in vitro gene bank - model plants for research – adaptation and possible re-introduction in endangered habitats). This strategy can be adapted and used for conservation and investigation of other rare, protected, relic and endemic plants from other regions of Europe and worldwide. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Haberlea rhodopensis Friv. risk assesment scoring system in vitro gene bank A strategy for conservation and investigation of the protected resurrection plant Haberlea rhodopensis Friv. Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.7.4077 2012-10-17 biorisk

Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Braunschweig, Germany author Dauber, Jens UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany author Settele, Josef https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8624-4983 2012-10-17 2012-10-17 2012 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 7 1 4 2012 10.3897/biorisk.7.4077 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1895/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1895/download/pdf/ none text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers none Shedding light on the biodiversity and ecosystem impacts of modern land use. Editorial

10.3897/biorisk.7.3036 2012-10-17 biorisk

Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Braunschweig, Germany author Dauber, Jens The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, United Kingdom author Brown, Chris Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal author Fernando, Ana Luisa Teagasc, Carlow, Ireland author Finnan, John Automotive Industry Institute, Warzaw, Poland author Krasuska, Ewa DBFZ, Leipzig, Germany author Ponitka, Jens Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Seville, Spain author Styles, David Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH, Leipzig, Germany author Thrän, Daniela Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, United States of America author Van Groenigen, Kees Jan SLU, Uppsala, Sweden author Weih, Martin EMPA, Dübendorf, Switzerland author Zah, Rainer 2012-10-17 2012-10-17 2012 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 7 5 50 2012 10.3897/biorisk.7.3036 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1894/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1894/download/pdf/ The increasing demand for biomass for the production of bioenergy is generating land-use conflicts. These conflicts might be solved through spatial segregation of food/feed and energy producing areas by continuing producing food on established and productive agricultural land while growing dedicated energy crops on so called “surplus” land. Ambiguity in the definition and characterization of surplus land as well as uncertainty in assessments of land availability and of future bioenergy potentials is causing confusion about the prospects and the environmental and socio-economic implications of bioenergy development in those areas. The high level of uncertainty is due to environmental, economic and social constraints not yet taken into account and to the potentials offered by those novel crops and their production methods not being fully exploited. This paper provides a scientific background in support of a reassessment of land available for bioenergy production by clarifying the terminology, identifying constraints and options for an efficient bioenergy-use of surplus land and providing policy recommendations for resolving conflicting land-use demands. A serious approach to factoring in the constraints, combined with creativity in utilizing the options provided, in our opinion, would lead to a more sustainable and efficient development of the bioenergy sector. Unless the sustainability challenge is mastered, the interdependent policy objectives of mitigating climate change, obtaining independence from fossil fuels, feeding and fuelling a growing human world population and maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services will not be met. Despite the advanced developments of bioenergy, we still see regional solutions for designing and establishing sustainable bioenergy production systems with optimized production resulting in social, economic and ecological benefits. Where bioenergy production has been identified as the most suitable option to overcome the given problems of energy security and climate change mitigation, we need to determine which bioenergy cultivation systems are most suitable for the respective types of surplus land, by taking into account issues such as yields, inputs and costs, as well as potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Marginal land degraded land energy crops biomass HNV biodiversity ecosystem services land-use change land-use competition sustainability bioenergy Bioenergy from “surplus” land: environmental and socio-economic implications Review Article

10.3897/biorisk.7.2699 2012-10-17 biorisk

Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute (vTI), Eberswalde, Germany author Baum, Sarah Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Dept. of Crop Production Ecology, Uppsala, Sweden author Weih, Martin Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute (vTI), Institute for Forest Ecology and Forest Inventory, Eberswalde, Germany author Bolte, Andreas 2012-10-17 2012-10-17 2012 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 7 51 71 2012 10.3897/biorisk.7.2699 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1893/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1893/download/pdf/ Woody biomass plantations on agricultural sites are an attractive source of biomass for bioenergy, but their effects on local biodiversity are unclear. This study’s objective was to evaluate the influences of light availability, plantation age, and soil properties on phytodiversity in short rotation coppice (SRC) plantations. Ground vegetation mapping, irradiance measurement (PAR), and surface soil analyses were conducted in 15 willow and poplar SRC plantations in Central Sweden and Northern Germany. We performed different multivariate statistical methods like cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) in order to analyze species composition and the influence of irradiance, age, and soil properties on phytodiversity. CA revealed highest species composition similarities in SRC plantations in close proximity. PCA identified humus quality/essential plant nutrients, plantation age/irradiance effects, soil acidity and shoot age as the four principal components of the recorded parameters. The ground vegetation cover was negatively correlated with the plantation age component and positively with the nutrient component. With an increase in the plantation age component, a shift in species composition was proven towards more forest habitat species, more nutrient-demanding species, and increasing occurrence of indicator species for basic soils. Applying Ellenberg indicator values, basic soil indicator species corresponded in occurrence to increasing nutrient availability. However, species richness was not related to any of our studied site variables. Judged from CCA, species composition in SRC plantations was influenced by plantation age/irradiance, and nutrient availability; soil acidity and shoot age had no significant influence. Young poplar and willow SRC plantations showed greatest variation in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Our findings suggest that phytodiversity in SRC plantations depends mainly on plantation age and thus shifts over time. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers biodiversity poplar (Populus sp.) willow (Salix sp.) species composition photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) irradiance multivariate analysis Stand age characteristics and soil properties affect species composition of vascular plants in short rotation coppice plantations Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.7.1969 2012-10-17 biorisk

1. ZALF, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Institute of Land Use Systems, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg // 2. BfN; Federal A, Müncheberg, Germany author Graef, Frieder Florsheim, Germany author Römbke, Jörg Center for Agro-food Economy and Development-CREDA-UPC-IRTA; Parc Mediterrani de la Tecnologia- ESAB Building; C/ Esteve Terrades 8; 08860 Castelldefe, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain author Binimelis, Rosa GenØk; Centre for Biosafety, Science Park, 9294 Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway author Myhr, Anne I. ETH; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Universitaetstr. 16; 8092 Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland author Hilbeck, Angelika University of Vechta; Chair of Landscape Ecology; Driverstr. 22; 49377 Vechta, Vechta, Germany author Breckling, Broder Aarhus University; Department of Agroecology; Blichers Allé 20; 8830 Tjele, Tjele, Denmark author Dalgaard, Tommy ZALF, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Institute of Land Use Systems, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Müncheberg, Germany author Stachow, Ulrich GenØk; Centre for Biosafety, Science Park, 9294 Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway author Catacora, Georgina V. GenØk; Centre for Biosafety, Science Park, 9294 Tromsø // Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway author Bøhn, Thomas GenØk; Centre for Biosafety, Science Park, 9294 Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway author Quist, David Plant Protection Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Department of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Analysis; Herman Otto ut 15; 1022 Budap, Budapest, Hungary author Darvas, Béla TUD; Technische Universität Dresden; Faculty of Geo-, Forest- and Hydroscience; Helmholtzstr. 10; 01069 Dresden, Dresden, Germany author Dudel, Gert FiBL; Forschungsinstitut für Biologischen Landbau; Ackerstr. 1; 5070 Frick, Frick, Switzerland author Oehen, Bernadette ENSSER, Postfach 1102, 15832 Rangsdorf, Rangsdorf, Germany author Meyer, Hartmut Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany author Henle, Klaus https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6647-5362 ESRC Cesagen, Lancaster University; Sociology; Bailrigg; LA1 4YD Lancaster, Lancaster, United Kingdom author Wynne, Brian The University of Edinburgh; School of GeoSciences; Drummond Street; Edinburgh EH8 9XP, Edinburgh, United Kingdom author Metzger, Mark https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5119-5894 EAS; Eurofins Agroscience Services GmbH; Eutinger Strasse 24; 75223 Niefern-Öschelbronn, Niefern-Öschelbronn, Germany author Knäbe, Silvio UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany author Settele, Josef https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8624-4983 Plant Protection Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary author Székács, András ZALF, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Institute of Land Use Systems, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Müncheberg, Germany author Wurbs, Angelika DIN; Deutsches Institut für Normung; Burggrafenstr. 6; 10787 Berlin, Berlin, Germany author Bernard, Jeannette Lindenweg 12; 49393 Lohne-Ehrendorf, Lohne-Ehrendorf, Germany author Murphy-Bokern, Donal UDP; University of Firenze; Department of Evolutionary Biology; Via Romana 17 50125 Firenze, Firenze, Italy author Buiatti, Marcello UDP; University of Pisa; Department of Crop Plant Biology; Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Pisa, Italy author Giovannetti, Manuela JSI; Josef Stefan Institute; Department of Knowledge Technologies; Jamova 39; 1000 Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia author Debeljak, Marko University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Life Sciences; Rolighedsvej 23; 1958 Frederiksberg C, Frederiksberg C, Denmark author Andersen, Erling DIN; Deutsches Institut für Normung; Burggrafenstr. 6; 10787 Berlin, Berlin, Germany author Paetz, Andreas JSI; Josef Stefan Institute; Department of Knowledge Technologies; Jamova 39; 1000 Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia author Dzeroski, Saso BfN; Federal Agency for Nature Conservation; Division GMO-Regulation, Biosafety; Konstantinstr. 110; 53179 Bonn, Bonn, Germany author Tappeser, Beatrix VU University, Amsterdam; Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences; De Boelelaan 1085; 1081 HV Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands author van Gestel, Cornelis A.M. University Bremen, Bremen, Germany author Wosniok, Werner CRIIGEN; University of Caen; IBFA Laboratory of Biochemistry; Esplanade de la Paix ; 14032 Caen, Caen, France author Séralini, Gilles-Eric Statistics Norway, Oslo, Norway author Aslaksen, Iulie University of Vechta; Chair of Landscape Ecology, Vechta, Germany author Pesch, Roland UKZUZ; Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture; Foreign Relations and EU Department, Brno, Czech Republic author Maly, Stanislav ZALF, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Institute of Land Use Systems, Müncheberg, Germany author Werner, Armin 2012-10-17 2012-10-17 2012 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 7 73 97 2012 10.3897/biorisk.7.1969 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1892/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1892/download/pdf/ The assessment of the impacts of growing genetically modified (GM) crops remains a major political and scientific challenge in Europe. Concerns have been raised by the evidence of adverse and unexpected environmental effects and differing opinions on the outcomes of environmental risk assessments (ERA). The current regulatory system is hampered by insufficiently developed methods for GM crop safety testing and introduction studies. Improvement to the regulatory system needs to address the lack of well designed GM crop monitoring frameworks, professional and financial conflicts of interest within the ERA research and testing community, weaknesses in consideration of stakeholder interests and specific regional conditions, and the lack of comprehensive assessments that address the environmental and socio-economic risk assessment interface. To address these challenges, we propose a European Network for systematic GMO impact assessment (ENSyGMO) with the aim directly to enhance ERA and post-market environmental monitoring (PMEM) of GM crops, to harmonize and ultimately secure the long-term socio-political impact of the ERA process and the PMEM in the EU. These goals would be achieved with a multi-dimensional and multi-sector approach to GM crop impact assessment, targeting the variability and complexity of the EU agro-environment and the relationship with relevant socio-economic factors. Specifically, we propose to develop and apply methodologies for both indicator and field site selection for GM crop ERA and PMEM, embedded in an EU-wide typology of agro-environments. These methodologies should be applied in a pan-European field testing network using GM crops. The design of the field experiments and the sampling methodology at these field sites should follow specific hypotheses on GM crop effects and use state-of-the art sampling, statistics and modelling approaches. To address public concerns and create confidence in the ENSyGMO results, actors with relevant specialist knowledge from various sectors should be involved. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers GM crops field testing network environmental risk assessment post-market environmental monitoring typology of EU agro-environment stakeholder involvement socio-economic impact assessment A framework for a European network for a systematic environmental impact assessment of genetically modified organisms (GMO) Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.7.1331 2012-10-17 biorisk

American University of Beirut, Lebanon author Abboud, Maya American University of Beirut, Lebanon author Makhzoumi, Jala Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom author Clubbe, Colin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0532-1722 American University of Beirut, Lebanon author Zurayk, Rami The University of Reading, United Kingdom author Jury, Stephen American University of Beirut, Lebanon author Talhouk, Salma 2012-10-17 2012-10-17 2012 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 7 99 116 2012 10.3897/biorisk.7.1331 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1891/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1891/download/pdf/ Biodiversity conservation in Lebanon ought to be guided by practical assessment tools in order to promote conservation efforts amid destructive and profit driven urban and industrial expansion. The challenge for national conservation scientists, however, is to develop such tools while reconciling between scientific ‘rigor’ and pressing national realities. Those include rapid habitat loss, limited human and financial resources, and the fact that biodiversity is a low national priority compared to other social, political, and economic issues. It is in this context that we propose a rapid management strategy guide based on a habitat assessment tool for riparian ecosystems (which are typically threatened in Lebanon). The proposed riparian habitat assessment tool (RiHAT) consists of a habitat condition index based on twelve indicators grouped under two attributes, floristic and lndscape. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Riparian assessment habitat condition index riparian vegetation Mediterranean river management Riparian habitat assessment tool for Lebanese rivers (RiHAT): case study Ibrahim River Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.8.5949 2013-08-08 biorisk

UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany author Settele, Josef https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8624-4983 Bundesamt für Naturschutz FG Z 2.3, Bonn, Germany author Zueghart, Wiebke 2013-08-08 2013-08-08 2013 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 8 1 2 2013 10.3897/biorisk.8.5949 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1903/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1903/download/pdf/ text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers editorial GMO GMO environmental impact monitoring Editorial

10.3897/biorisk.8.4036 2013-08-08 biorisk

Bundesamt für Naturschutz FG Z 2.3, Bonn, Germany author Zueghart, Wiebke Westfälsiche Hochschule Bocholt, Bocholt, Germany author Beismann, Heike Universität Vechta, Vechta, Germany author Schroeder, Winfried 2013-08-08 2013-08-08 2013 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 8 3 13 2013 10.3897/biorisk.8.4036 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1902/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1902/download/pdf/ The deliberate release of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) implies the potential occurrence of environmental impacts which are either unexpected or only partially predictable and, thus, necessitates development of appropriate monitoring methodology. Therefore, new challenges have to be met when implementing the post market environmental monitoring (PMEM) of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), which is mandatory according to the European legal framework. According to Directive 2001/18/EC PMEM has to follow standard methodologies, wherever available and appropriate. To provide all involved parties with appropriate standard monitoring methods, the so called VDI Guidelines are developed by working groups established by the Association of German Engineers (VDI). These working groups are composed by external experts participating on a voluntary basis. The VDI is an independent technical standardisation body. All Guidelines are published in German and English and can therefore be used throughout Europe. VDI Guidelines are available in the field of exposure of the environment to GM plants (e.g. standardised sampling of pollen, standardised observation of hybrids or ferals), bio-molecular analyses (e.g. standardised extraction and detection of transgenes or their products in different environmental compartments), and the standardised monitoring of effects on non-target organisms (e.g. butterflies, wild bees, amphibians or soil organisms). The aim beyond this work is to facilitate generation of reliable and comparable monitoring data and enable an effective and efficient PMEM with high acceptability to the scientific community as well as the general public. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Genetically modified organisms post market environmental monitoring VDI Guidelines environmental effects GMO monitoring non-target organism Tools for a scientifically rigorous and efficient monitoring of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) – VDI Guidelines to ensure high quality of GMO-monitoring data Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.8.3244 2013-08-08 biorisk

author Lang, Andreas gaiac-Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment e.V., RWTH Aachen University, c/o Institute of Environmental Research - Biolology V, Wo, Aachen, Germany author Theißen, Bernhard Büro für Ökologische Forschung und Planung, Obere Dorfstrasse 16, 82237 Wörthsee, Germany author Dolek, Matthias https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3778-9482 2013-08-08 2013-08-08 2013 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 8 15 38 2013 10.3897/biorisk.8.3244 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1901/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1901/download/pdf/ Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are correlated with many biotic and abiotic characteristics of the environment, and are widely accepted as relevant protection goals. Adverse effects on butterflies and moths through genetically modified (GM) crops have been demonstrated, by both insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant events. Thus, Lepidoptera are considered suitable bio-indicators for monitoring the potential adverse effects due to the cultivation of GM crops, and guidelines were developed under the umbrella of the Association of German Engineers VDI (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure), entitled “Monitoring the effects of genetically modified organisms (GMO) – Standardised monitoring of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera): transect method, light trap and larval survey”. Here, the background and rationale of the VDI guidelines is presented, including a summary of the methods described in the guidelines. Special emphasis is given to the discussion of underlying reasons for the selection and adjustment of the applied methodology with respect to the GMO monitoring of day-active Lepidoptera, of night-active moths and of the recording of lepidopteran larvae, as well as to sample design and strategy. Further aspects possibly interfering with monitoring quality are treated such as landscape patterns, low species number and abundance in agro-ecosystems, or high year-to-year fluctuations of populations of Lepidoptera. Though specifically designed for GM crops, the VDI guidelines may also serve as a template to monitor the effects of a wider range of adverse factors on Lepidoptera in agriculture. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Lepidoptera non-target organisms indicators genetically modified plants monitoring methods transect count light trapping larval survey beating sample standardization cost-efficiency Standardised methods for the GMO monitoring of butterflies and moths: the whys and hows Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.8.3251 2013-08-08 biorisk

Agency for Population Ecology and Nature Conservancy, In der Setz 10, 97218 Gerbrunn, Germany author Böll, Susanne KARCH, Passage Maximilien-de-Meiron 6, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland author Schmidt, Benedikt Germany author Veith, Michael Trier University, Biogeography Department, Trier, Germany author Wagner, Norman Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum König, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany author Rödder, Dennis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6108-1639 Trier University, Biogeography Department, 54286 Trier, Germany author Weinmann, Cathrin NABU Headquarters, Berlin, Germany author Kirschey, Tom UUniversity of Trier, Germany author Lötters, Stefan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7187-1968 2013-08-08 2013-08-08 2013 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 8 39 51 2013 10.3897/biorisk.8.3251 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1900/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1900/download/pdf/ Amphibians are a suitable indicator group for monitoring possible negative direct or indirect effects of GMO cultivation at the individual and population level. Direct effects could occur in aquatic ecosystems via uptake of GM pollen or GM detritus by anuran larvae. However, indirect negative effects caused by changes in cultivation practices (changes in pesticide use, for instance) are more likely. The VDI Guideline 4333 aims to ensure comprehensive monitoring of the different life-stages of anuran species that are common in agricultural landscapes of Austria, Germany and Switzerland. The guideline includes a novel approach to tadpole monitoring. To assess immediate effects, tadpole, metamorph and adult deformation rates are compared with naturally occurring deformation rates. Adult population size, adult body condition and juvenile emergence are monitored over multiple years to assess long-term effects of GM crop cultivation on population viability. At each study site, monitoring has to be carried out at multiple amphibian breeding sites which differ in their exposure to GM crop cultivation. All monitoring data have to be stored in a central database for future meta-analyses. This will ultimately allow for generalized statements about the impact of GM crop cultivation on amphibians. Although specifically designed for GM crops, VDI Guideline 4333 may also serve as a model for studying the effects of a wider range of stressors on amphibian populations in agriculture and forestry. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers agriculture pesticide deformation population size tadpole recruitment adult Amphibians as indicators of changes in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems following GM crop cultivation: a monitoring guideline Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.8.3600 2013-08-08 biorisk

Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany author Schindler, Matthias Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany author Diestelhorst, Olaf Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany author Haertel, Stephan Büro für tierökologische Studien, Berlin, Germany author Saure, Christoph Sasbach, Sasbach, Germany author Scharnowski, Arno Büro Entomologie und Ökologie, Stuttgart, Germany author Schwenninger, Hans. R. 2013-08-08 2013-08-08 2013 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 8 53 71 2013 10.3897/biorisk.8.3600 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1899/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1899/download/pdf/ Wild bees are abundant in agricultural ecosystems and contribute significantly to the pollination of many crops. The specialisation of many wild bees on particular nesting sites and food resources makes them sensitive to changing habitat conditions. Therefore wild bees are important indicators for environmental impact assessments. Long-term monitoring schemes to measure changes of wild bee communities in agricultural ecosystems are currently lacking. Here we suggest a highly standardized monitoring approach which combines transect walks and pan traps (bowls). The combination of these two methods provides high sample coverage and reveals data on plant-pollinator interactions. We point out that comprehensive methodical, biological and taxonomical expertise is mandatory. The suggested approach is applicable to diverse monitoring goals in an agricultural context e.g. the impact of land use changes as well as monitoring potential effects of GM crops on wild bees. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers wild bees standardised ecological assessment agricultural ecosystems GMO monitoring Monitoring agricultural ecosystems by using wild bees as environmental indicators Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.8.3255 2013-08-08 biorisk

Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany author Ruf, Andrea IFAB GmbH, Sodenkamp 59, 22337 Hamburg, Germany author Beylich, Anneke Senckenberg, Frankfurt, Germany author Blick, Theo Julius-Kühn-Institut, Institut für Pflanzenbau und Bodenkunde, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany author Buechs, Wolfgang Umweltbundesamt, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau, Germany author Glante, Frank Ecossa, Giselastr. 6, 06844 Dessau, Germany author Hoess, Sebastian Institut für Umweltforschung, RWTH Aachen, Worringerweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany author Roß-Nikoll, Martina Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, institut für Biologie und Ökologie, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany author Ruess, Liliane Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz, Goerlitz, Germany author Russell, David J. ETC Ökologie GmbH, Flörsheim/Main, Germany author Römbke, Jörg BIOKON international, Berlin, Germany author Seitz, Heike Bayer CropScience, Monheim, Germany author Theißen, Bernhard RWTH Aachen, GAIAC, Aachen, Germany author Toschki, Andreas Trier University, Biogeography Department, 54286 Trier, Germany author Weinmann, Cathrin Bundesamt für Naturschutz FG Z 2.3, Bonn, Germany author Zueghart, Wiebke 2013-08-08 2013-08-08 2013 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 8 73 87 2013 10.3897/biorisk.8.3255 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1898/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1898/download/pdf/ After a release of genetically modified organisms, monitoring of potential adverse effects on the environment is mandatory. The protocol used for monitoring should be previously tested in practical studies and must be standardised. Moreover, sampling methods and the evaluation of results must meet current scientific and technical standards. Due to their particular role in maintaining soil quality and in a multitude of ecological processes in agro-ecosystems, soil organisms belong to those groups for which VDI guidelines are being developed. The guideline 4331 Part 1 describes fundamental criteria for the selection and sampling of soil organisms for GMO monitoring and gives guidance for sampling design, sampling strategy and statistical evaluation. In the guideline three approaches are followed: (1) a compilation of previously known effects and exposure pathways, (2) a documentation of ecological functions of soil organisms (ecosystem services) as well as (3) a description of characteristic species compositions in the soil. The aim was to develop a selection matrix that helps to choose the appropriate animal groups to be sampled. Besides the habitat type and the ecological relevance, the selection matrix also considers the suitability of animal groups in terms of practical issues and, in specific cases, anticipated effects. Further parts of the guideline 4331 will describe sampling methods for relevant soil animal groups. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Soil Organism Monitoring Genetically Modified Organism Standardisation Sampling Soil organisms as an essential element of a monitoring plan to identify the effects of GMO cultivation. Requirements – Methodology – Standardisation Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.8.4035 2013-08-08 biorisk

Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany author Sukopp, Ulrich Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany author Schmitz, Ulf 2013-08-08 2013-08-08 2013 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 8 89 110 2013 10.3897/biorisk.8.4035 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1897/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1897/download/pdf/ The commercial use of genetically modified (GM) organisms is regulated in the EU by law. Thus, monitoring the environmental effects of GM organisms after placement on the market is a mandatory task of the respective consent holder. Since many relevant monitoring procedures lack standardisation, the Association of German Engineers (VDI) has commissioned expert groups with the development of guidelines covering appropriate methodologies. As part of this project, the VDI Guideline 4330 Part 10 was set up (Bleeker et al. 2011) describing a standardised procedure for floristic mapping of spontaneously occurring (non-cultivated) GM crops, their wild potential crossing partners and their hybrid offspring. Areas to be mapped are those where such plants are expected to be found, e.g. on former fields and in the vicinity of current or former fields of GM plants. In the case of transportation, processing or use of GM plants as animal feed, these are areas surrounding the processing, storage, handling and usage facilities, including access routes to and from the facilities. The concept of adverse environmental effects caused by the dispersal and outcrossing of GM plants is briefly introduced. The necessity of floristic mapping in the context of post-market environmental monitoring of GM plants is demonstrated taking oilseed rape as an example. The development of the Guideline VDI 4330 Part 10 is described and its contents are summarised. An important conclusion on the relevance and efficiency of the floristic mapping method is that strict standardisation ensures a high level of EU wide reproducibility and comparability of the results. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Genetically modified plants post-market environmental monitoring VDI guidelines standardised methods floristic mapping wild crossing partners hybrid offspring oilseed rape Brassica napus How to track genetically modified (GM) plants in the field? The VDI standard method of floristic mapping of GM plants as an efficient tool Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.8.4038 2013-08-08 biorisk

Universität Vechta, Vechta, Germany author Schroeder, Winfried Universität Vechta, Vechta, Germany author Schmidt, Gunther 2013-08-08 2013-08-08 2013 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 8 111 120 2013 10.3897/biorisk.8.4038 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1896/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1896/download/pdf/ The approval of genetically modified organisms for deliberate release and placing on the market requires environmental risk assessment and environmental monitoring. Methodological approaches and implementation of both tasks are still controversially discussed. This article analyses principles of environmental monitoring of genetically modified organisms as published in the Guideline 4330 Part 1 of the Association of German Engineers. Thereby, the article concentrates on the characterisation of the receiving environment affected by cultivation of genetically modified organisms and the representativeness of monitoring systems to assess large-scale implications of the cultivation of genetically modified organisms. Based on this, the article introduces statistical and geoinformatic measures as well as relevant geodata to deal with these issues. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Genetically modified organisms geodata environmental monitoring Supporting monitoring effects of genetically modified organisms by GIS-technologies and geodata – an overview Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.9.6105 2014-06-10 biorisk

Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany author Spangenberg, Joachim 2014-06-10 2014-06-10 2014 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 9 1 37 2014 10.3897/biorisk.9.6105 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1904/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1904/download/pdf/ The anthropocene is the age where human influences are determining the development of the planet’s ecosystems and thus the bio-physical basis of future human civilisations. Today China has become the world’s largest economy and its worst polluter with per capita greenhouse gas emissions surpassing the EU average, the world’s largest consumer of all kinds of resources. Even regarding the aggregate contribution to climate change (historical emission residues included), called the climate debt, China has not yet, but will be most probably climbing the top position rather soon.At the same time China is the world’s largest victim of environmental change, including air and soil pollution, water and land scarcity, biodiversity loss and climate change.Thus not only slowing down the increase but reducing emissions should be a top priority for China, and it is: the government has taken some bold steps. China is the world’s largest investor in renewable energies, has the largest afforestation program, and leads the world in reducing carbon dioxide emission reduction. As the largest polluter it has extraordinary opportunities to improve the global state of the environment – is it the world’s last best hope for establishing a global ecological civilisation? Some implications regarding the Chinese environmental policy are discussed, some strengths highlighted and some weaknesses identified.However, despite their magnitude, the efforts–and in particular their implementation–are not yet sufficient. We suggest three additional steps which could help China to begin reducing its climate debt within a couple of decades, define a long term perspective for policy planning and adjust its growth model to the challenges of the anthropocene. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers China pollution climate change land use HANPP biodiversity ecological debt/climate debt CO2 methane politics Common but differentiated responsibility Earth System Science environmental justice China in the anthropocene: Culprit, victim or last best hope for a global ecological civilisation? Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.10.4749 2015-02-18 biorisk

Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium author Rasmont, Pierre https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0891-2189 Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany author Franzén, Markus Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium author Lecocq, Thomas Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany author Harpke, Alexander https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0919-4182 University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom author Roberts, Stuart Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands author Biesmeijer, Koos I.E.S. Vega del Turia, Teruel, Spain author Castro, Leopoldo Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden author Cederberg, Björn Municipal Museum Mariánské Lázně, Mariánské Lázně, Czech Republic author Dvořák, Libor https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4712-3679 National Biodiversity Data Centre, Waterford, United Kingdom author Fitzpatrick, Úna Centre Suisse de Cartographie de la Faune, Neuchâtel, Swaziland author Gonseth, Yves Gemblouyx Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium author Haubruge, Eric Unaffiliated, Mesquer, France author Mahé, Gilles Università di Torino, Torino, Italy author Manino, Aulo University of Mons, Bruxelles, Belgium author Michez, Denis https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8880-1838 Unaffiliated, Elixhausen, Austria author Neumayer, Johann Norwegian Institute for Nature Research - NINA, Trondheim, Norway author Ødegaard, Frode Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Finland author Paukkunen, Juho https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8587-3035 Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska, Poland author Pawlikowski, Tadeusz University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom author Potts, Simon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2045-980X Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands author Reemer, Menno Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany author Settele, Josef https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8624-4983 Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Prague, Czech Republic author Straka, Jakub https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8987-1245 Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany author Schweiger, Oliver 2015-02-18 2015-02-18 2015 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 10 1 236 2015 10.3897/biorisk.10.4749 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/4749/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/4749/download/pdf/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/4749/download/xml/ Bumble bees represent one of the most important groups of pollinators. In addition to their ecological and economic relevance, they are also a highly charismatic group which can help to increase the interest of people in realizing, enjoying and conserving natural systems. However, like most animals, bum- ble bees are sensitive to climate. In this atlas, maps depicting potential risks of climate change for bumble bees are shown together with informative summary statistics, ecological back- ground information and a picture of each European species. Thanks to the EU FP7 project STEP, the authors gathered over one million bumblebee records from all over Europe. Based on these data, they modelled the current climatic niche for almost all European species (56 species) and projected future climatically suitable conditions using three climate change scenarios for the years 2050 and 2100. While under a moderate change scenario only 3 species are projected to be at the verge of extinction by 2100, 14 species are at high risk under an intermediate change scenario. Under a most severe change scenario as many as 25 species are projected to lose almost all of their climatically suitable area, while a total of 53 species (77% of the 69 European species) would lose the main part of their suitable area. Climatic risks for bumblebees can be extremely high, depending on the future development of human society, and the corresponding effects on the climate. Strong mitigation strategies are needed to preserve this important species group and to ensure the sustainable provision of pollination services, to which they considerably contribute. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers taxonomy Climatic Risk and Distribution Atlas of European Bumblebees Monograph

10.3897/biorisk.11.9941 2016-10-04 biorisk

Miami University, Oxford, United States of America author Schultz, Rhiannon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5630-9344 2016-10-04 2016-10-04 2016 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 11 1 11 2016 10.1002/ajp.20564 10.3201/eid1409.071196 2004 Red list of threatened species searchable database online 2004 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2004) Red list of threatened species searchable database online. http://www.iucnredlist.org 2008 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2008) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved September 23, 2014. http://www.iucnredlist.org/ 10.20506/rst.28.2.1884 10.1371/journal.pone.0019788 Gorilla beringei. M Robbins author 2008 text The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Version 2014.3 2008 10.1017/S0030605306001323 10.1023/A:1020879700286 10.1111/j.1469-1795.1999.tb00064.x 10.1017/S0030605302000224 10.3897/biorisk.11.9941 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/9941/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/9941/download/pdf/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/9941/download/xml/ Human intrigue with the natural world has led to a boom in nature-oriented ecotourism and research endeavors. Some of these projects and programs focus on viewing or studying endangered wildlife, but can have negative implications on wild animal health. Human contact with sensitive habitat and wildlife presents a unique opportunity for the transmission of interspecies disease, which can have traumatic effects on the conservation of endangered species. Nonhuman primates have a relatively high risk of contracting disease from visiting tourists and researchers due to their genetic similarity to humans. Local people living in and around sensitive habitats also pose a potential threat of disease transmission. There are some protocols in place to help alleviate interspecies disease transmission, but many of these protocols are centered on protecting humans rather than nonhuman primates. Using Mountain gorillas as an example, this paper examines the literature and research regarding Mountain gorilla health and welfare in the wild. Drawing on the possible shortcomings of current protocols and the potential health risks of these issues, this paper suggests some avenues for further research and pushes for the development of stronger methods for preventing interspecies disease transmission. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Mountain gorilla gorillas great apes disease transmission zoonotic disease primate conservation Killer Conservation: the implications of disease on gorilla conservation Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.12.12156 2017-07-14 biorisk

Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davangere, India author Bathula, Sreenivas Reddy Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davangere, India author Rakhimol, A. 2017-07-14 2017-07-14 2017 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 12 1 23 2017 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00025 2012 2012 Biosafety Manual (2012) Biosafety Manual. The Wyss Institute For Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston. https://wyss.harvard.edu/staticfiles/pdf/WyssBiosafetyManual-July2012.pdf 2015 2015 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institutes of Health (2015) Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories. http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/ Biosafety in Biotechnology. J-M Collard author HW Doelle author 2009 text EOLSS Publications 2009 239 260 Main direction of harmonization of Russian and international requirements on providing of biological safety when handling pathogenic biological agents. ON Dobrokhotskiĭ author 2013 text Gigiena i sanitariia 2013 5 40 44 Biosafety provision on handling pathogenic biological agents on the concept of biorisk assessment and management. ON Dobrokhotskiĭ author 2010 text Gigiena i sanitariia 2010 5 79 81 Biosafety in the study of samples of extraterrestrial origin by an example of preparation for the “Phobos-Grunt” mission. ON Dobrokhotskiĭ author 2012 text Gigiena i sanitariia 2012 5 19 21 10.1038/543623c 2016 2016 IUCN (2016) The World Conservation Union: An Explanatory Guide to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. https://bch.cbd.int/database/attachment/?id=10858 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00044 10.1089/hs.2016.0013 2016 2016 National Select Agent Registry, CDC (2016) Biennial Review of the Lists of Select Agents and Toxins. http://www.selectagents.gov/ 10.1159/000067677 Report Sandia author 2009 2009 10.1007/s00284-016-1181-y 10.1089/bsp.2013.0020 2004 2004 WHO (2004) Laboratory Biosafety Manual (3rd edn). World Health Organization, 186 pp. http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/biosafety/en/Biosafety7.pdf 2014 2014 WHO (2014) WHO Handbook for Guideline Development (2nd edn). World Health Organization, 179 pp. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/145714/1/9789241548960_eng.pdf RK Wilson author 2015 2015 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.06.026 10.3897/biorisk.12.12156 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/12156/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/12156/download/pdf/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/12156/download/xml/ This report recapitulates the diverse aspects of biological safety. Biological laboratory is a space that facilitates the handling and storage of microorganisms, their components or their derivatives. Laboratories that handle dangerous pathogens have to act in a responsible manner to manage the safety and security threats posed by these pathogens. This necessity was foreground in the December 2008 World at risk report, which specifically demanded bioscience laboratories that handle dangerous pathogens to implement a unified laboratory biorisk management framework to enhance their safety and security. The report also discusses the guidelines of biosafety regulations provided by World Health Organization (WHO) that are necessary to adequately and sustainably manage these biorisks and helps in better understanding of risk governance approaches for laboratories that handle dangerous pathogens to achieve the ultimate goal of minimizing or preventing the occurrence and consequences of human error within the laboratory environment: the biorisk management approach, composed of biosafety, laboratory biosecurity and ethical responsibility. It preferably provides an agreement between authorities, the public, and the scientific community establishing trust and societal safety and security, while enabling the continued progress of science. Biorisk management approach demonstrates that biorisks in all their potential forms are appropriately addressed, managed and minimized. Thus, biorisk management has become an important aspect of the development and sustainability of biological activities. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Biorisk Biosafety biosecurity biosafety level laboratories and laboratory management Global Trends in Biorisk Management Review Article

10.3897/biorisk.12.14061 2017-08-17 biorisk

Genetics Laboratory, FRIM, Kepong, Malaysia author Cheng, Shawn Genetics Laboratory, FRIM, Kepong, Malaysia author Kar-Men, Chan Genetics Laboratory, FRIM, Kepong, Malaysia author Ishak, Shah-Fadir Entomology Branch, FRIM, Kepong, Malaysia author Khoo, V. Herbarium, FRIM, Kepong, Malaysia author Chew, M.Y. 2017-08-17 2017-08-17 2017 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 12 25 39 2017 A description of larvae and redescription of adults of the firefly Pteroptyx valida Olivier in Selangor, Malaysia (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae), with notes on Luciolinae larvae. L Ballantyne author 2002 text The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 2002 50 1 101 109 L Ballantyne author 2013 2013 10.1007/BF00984108 10.1086/415929 10.1016/j.cois.2015.01.014 H Chiew author 2009 2009 10.1023/A:1024876009281 10.1073/pnas.94.18.9723 L Faust author 2008 2008 10.1649/0010-065X-68.2.283 10.1007/978-1-61779-591-6_11 Taxonomy and behaviour of lucioline fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae) with redefinition and new species of Pygoluciola Wittmer from mainland China and review of Luciola LaPorte. XH Fu author 2008 text Zootaxa 2008 1733 1 1 44 10.1073/pnas.0905845106 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2001.01316.x M Hoogendoorn author 2002 2002 10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.04.002 10.1098/rspb.2008.1264 10.1016/bs.abr.2016.09.006 10.1371/journal.pone.0074426 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.153 10.4269/ajtmh.2002.66.599 10.1093/icb/44.3.234 10.1146/annurev.ento.53.103106.093346 10.2307/3495917 10.1155/2010/149879 10.1016/j.ode.2006.09.002 10.1590/S1677-04202002000200001 Toxicants from mangrove plants, VI. Heritonin, a new pesticide from the mangrove plant Heritiera littoralis. DH Miles author 1989 text Journal of Natural Products 1989 52 4 896 8 10.1080/14888386.2003.9712684 B Nada author 2004 2004 B Nada author 2012 2012 10.1016/j.cois.2015.12.004 10.1146/annurev.es.11.110180.000353 10.1093/aesa/90.5.693 10.1017/CBO9780511542220.008 10.1093/beheco/10.1.97 10.1046/j.1365-2311.2002.00420.x Mortality of Leishmania major in Phlebotomus papatasi caused by plant feeding of the sand flies. Y Schlein author 1994 text American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1994 50 1 20 27 10.1093/jmedent/32.6.882 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2008.01535.x 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2008.03.008 10.1098/rspb.2012.0370 G Waldbauer author 1998 1998 10.3390/nu5051757 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2008.03.008 10.1186/1471-2229-11-97 10.3897/biorisk.12.14061 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/14061/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/14061/download/pdf/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/14061/download/xml/ The aggregative, synchronously flashing firefly, Pteroptyx tener congregates on a nightly basis on Berembang trees (Sonneratia caseolaris) growing along the lower reaches of the Selangor River (West Malaysia). Every night, the males and females of this species engage one another in a pre-mating ritual of flash communication. Little is known of the dietary requirements of the adults of P. tener apart from suggestions that these beetles feed on the nectar and sap of mangrove trees. The drastic reduction in their numbers in recent years has sparked an urgency to understand their dietary needs. Here, we report on a series of probing experiments where we sequenced and analysed DNA fragments obtained from the gut contents of adult P. tener specimens. We detected coding and non-coding chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) gene sequences in the gut DNA extracts of P. tener. One DNA sequence was in reasonably good condition to allow us to match it to the cpDNA sequence of a Malvacean, that is, Heritiera littoralis, a common inhabitant of estuarine habitats. We also detected the DNA sequences of plants (cultivated and natural) that may have come from hamlets or isolated freshwater swamps located further inland. The findings reported here provide early indication that P. tener may be able to travel further inland to search for their hosts. Future research should focus on visually confirming if P. tener feeds on H. littoralis and obtaining a more complete reference DNA database of plants in the firefly habitat. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Pteroptyx tener host firefly plants chloroplast DNA Elucidating food plants of the aggregative, synchronously flashing Southeast Asian firefly, Pteroptyx tener Olivier (Coleoptera, Lampyridae) Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.13.22316 2018-01-12 biorisk

Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany author Unterweger, Philipp Andreas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4122-8266 Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany author Klammer, Jorinde Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany author Unger, Manuela Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany author Betz, Oliver https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5012-4808 2018-01-12 2018-01-12 2018 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 13 1 29 2018 Auswirkungen der Wiesenmahd auf verschiedene Käferarten ausgewählter Grünflächen im Stadtgebiet Tübingens. J Ade author 2012 text Jahreshefte der Gesellschaft für Naturkunde in Württemberg 2012 168 199 216 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.11.029 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2010.00479.x R Bährmann author 2005 2005 10.1038/nature09678 A Benedetter-Herramhof author 2009 2009 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00745.x Artentstehung, natürliches Aussterben und anthropogene Krise der Biodiversität - Darwins Theorie aus heutiger evolutionsbiologischer Sicht. O Betz author E-M Engels author 2011 text Attempto, Tübingen 2011 89 119 10.1126/science.1127863 Die Bedeutung städtischer Grünflächen für Wildbienen, untersucht am Beispiel des botanischen Gartens und weiterer Grünflächen im Bonner Stadtgebiet. I Bischoff author 1996 text Decheniana (Bonn) 1996 149 162 178 Der Einfluss der Mahd auf die Besiedlung von mäßig intensiv bewirtschafteten Wiesen durch Graswanzen. G Bockwinkel author 1988 text Natur und Heimat 1988 48 119 128 10.1007/BF00412995 Insectenleben im Winter. F Brauer author 1871 text Schriften des Vereins zur Verbreitung naturwissenschaftlicher Kenntnisse 1871 11 357 381 10.1007/BF00346473 10.1080/00063659909461127 S Bundesamt author 2011 2011 S Bundesamt author 2016 2016 10.1371/journal.pone.0085635 H-M Bürki author 2000 2000 10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00297-5 10.1073/pnas.1704949114 10.1146/annurev.en.30.010185.002215 10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145137 10.1007/s004420100796 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00605.x J Diacon author 2011 2011 10.1016/j.agee.2011.01.010 10.1078/1439-1791-00140 W Dunger author 1983 1983 D Ellis author 1985 1985 H Ellenberg author 2010 Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen. 2010 1333 pp 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.014 P Finck author 2017 2017 10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00149-5 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01327.x 10.1111/j.1600-0587.1999.tb00457.x 10.1046/j.1365-2311.2001.00314.x H Freude author 1965 1965 Freude H, Harde KW, Lohse GA, Klausnitzer B (1965 ff.) Die Käfer Mitteleuropas. Goecke & Evers/G. Fischer, Krefeld. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Arthropodenfauna im Winter. R Frey author 1913 text Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 1913 39 1 45 SW Frost author 1959 1959 10.1016/0167-8809(92)90094-R 10.1007/s10526-008-9206-5 10.1098/rspb.2015.1821 H Goulet author 1993 1993 Butterfly community shifts over 2 centuries. JC Habel author 2015 text Conservation Biology 2015 30 4 754 762 10.1371/journal.pone.0185809 10.1016/j.baae.2004.03.002 10.1653/024.092.0206 KW Harde author 1981 1981 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1991.tb00552.x GS Haufe author 2015 2015 10.1016/S0929-1393(98)00099-7 Auswirkungen verschiedener Mahdkonzepte auf die Heuschreckenfauna städtischer Grünflächen. D Hiller author 2014 text Naturschutz und Landschaftsplanung 2014 46 8 241 246 C Hobohm author 2000 2000 10.1016/0006-3207(91)90071-G 10.1016/j.agee.2008.11.014 K Hůrka author 2005 2005 Auf dem Weg, aber noch nicht am Ziel-Trends der Siedlungsflächenentwicklung. B-B Kompakt author 2011 text Bundesinstitut für Bau-, Stadt- und Raumforschung im Bundesamt für Bauwesen und Raumordnung 2011 10 1 7 M Kotrba author 2014 2014 Einfluss städtischer Mahdkonzepte auf die Artenvielfalt der Tagfalter. C Kricke author 2014 text Naturschutz und Landschaftsplanung 2014 46 52 58 10.1007/s10841-010-9264-8 Arthropods of a semi-natural grassland in an urban environment: the John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York. L Kutschbach-Brohl author 2010 text Journal of Insect Conservation 2010 14 347 358 R Lang author 1983 1983 10.1017/CBO9780511525834 10.1007/BF00317463 10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00182-8 10.4039/Ent103983-7 10.7178/jeit.1 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20229.x 10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00320-6 10.1007/s10531-015-1029-y 10.1111/ddi.12102 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00730.x M Mühlenberg author 1993 1993 N Müller author 2005 2005 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.04.009 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.01.003 10.1007/s11252-013-0297-0 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07030562.x 10.2307/2269394 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10010099.x 10.1126/science.1257259 P Oosterbroek author 2006 2006 Zur Wanzenfauna der Insel Brissago, Kanton Tessin (Heteroptera). A Otto author 1996 text Entomologische Berichte Luzern 1996 35 49 58 Grouping and prioritization of vascular plant species for conservation: combining natural rarity and management need. M Pärtel author 2005 text Biological Conservation 2005 123 271 278 10.1016/j.flora.2011.07.008 Role of field margin in the winter phenophase of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in winter wheat field. G Peter author 2001 text IOBC wprs Bulletin 2001 24 91 94 10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00130-9 GD Potts author 2012 2012 10.1016/j.biocon.2004.09.007 10.1086/284880 10.1016/j.biocon.2004.10.010 E Reitter author 1908 1908 10.1007/BF00699815 J Rheinheimer author 2010 2010 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00695.x C Rothenwöhrer author 2012 2012 10.1016/j.agee.2013.01.005 10.14411/eje.2011.080 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.01.022 10.1556/ComEc.10.2009.2.7 Diversity of carabids (Coleoptera: Carabidae) within two Dutch cereal fields and their boundaries. P Saska author 2007 text Baltic J Coleopterol 2007 7 37 50 M Schaefer author 2000 2000 P Schäfer author 1993 1993 10.1007/s10531-008-9412-6 O Schmiedeknecht author 1907 1907 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2011.01645.x 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01085.x D Schweitzer author 2012 2012 Methodisches Vorgehen bei Bestandserhebungen von Wildbienen im Rahmen landschaftsökologischer Untersuchungen HR Schwenninger author J Trautner author 1992 text Markgraf-Verlag 1992 195 202 HR Schwenninger author 1999 Die Wildbienen Stuttgarts: Verbreitung, Gefährdung und Schutz. 1999 151 pp Ermittlung der Biomassen flugaktiver Insekten im Naturschutzgebiet Orbroicher Bruch mit Malaise Fallen in den Jahren 1989 und 2013. M Sorg author 2013 text Mitteilungen aus dem Entomologischen Verein Krefeld 2013 1 1 5 10.1007/BF00377103 10.2307/5945 W Stichel author 1955 1955 W Stichel author 1958 1958 W Stichel author 1961 1961 W Stichel author 1962 1962 E Stresemann author 2011 2011 10.1126/science.1095046 10.2307/2404521 10.1007/BF00319018 10.1126/science.1057544 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00782.x Sanfte Umwandlungen mit Erfolg. Vom Rasen zur Blumenwiese. P Unterweger author R Witt author 2017 text Naturgarten eV, Grünberg 2017 33 35 Die Initiative Bunte Wiese: Machen wir’s bunt. P Unterweger author 2015 text Natur und Garten 2015 1 6 11 Initiative Bunte Wiese: Tübingens Gras wird allmählich länger. P Unterweger author 2017 text Natur und Garten 2017 3 1 2 Langfristige Etablierung extensiver Grünflächenpflege in Stadtgebieten. Vorstellung der Initiative “Bunte Wiese” der Stadt Tübingen. P Unterweger author 2015 text DGaaE-Nachrichten 2015 29 73 80 Eine Problemfeldanalyse des urbanen Naturschutzes: Korrespondenz und Medienresonanz zur Arbeit der Initiative “Bunte Wiese - für mehr Artenvielfalt auf öffentlichem Grün” in Tübingen. P Unterweger author 2017a text Naturschutz und Landschaftsplanung 2017a 49 245 251 PA Unterweger author 2017b 2017b 10.3390/urbansci1030024 W-D Unterweger author 1989 1989 10.1016/j.flora.2012.02.003 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00359.x The impact of mowing on meadow fauna – a literature review for the purposes of nature conservation. D van de Poel author 2014 text Anliegen Natur 2014 36 36 51 M Venn author 2004 2004 JA Vickery author 1998 1998 Mauersegler Futterkugeln neue Untersuchungen und Diskussion offener Fragen. K von der Dunk author 2016 text galathea - Beiträge des Kreises Nürnberger Entomologen 2016 32 19 43 E Wachmann author 1989 1989 E Wachmann author 2006 2006 C Wagner author 2014 2014 E Wagner author 1966 1966 E Wagner author 1967 1967 10.3897/JHR.49.7929 10.2307/5833 Die Rolle der Feldraine für Naturschutz und Landwirtschaft - Plädoyer für den Feldrain aus agrar-entomologischer Sicht. M Welling author 1987 text Nachrichtenbl Deutscher Pflanzenschutzdienst 1987 39 90 93 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.022 P Westrich author 1989 1989 P Wiedemeier author 2000 2000 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01460.x 10.3897/biorisk.13.22316 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/22316/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/22316/download/pdf/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/22316/download/xml/ Insect conservation is challenging on various ecological scales. One largely neglected aspect is the quality of undisturbed hibernation sites. This study aims to fill a lack of knowledge concerning insect hibernation on uncut meadows persisting in urban green spaces during the winter season in a middle-sized town in south Germany. During two years of sampling, 13,511 insect specimens of the orders Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera were caught from their winter stands. The specimens were assigned to 120 families and 140 taxonomic species were determined from the orders Heteroptera, Coleoptera and Diptera and 324 morphotypes from the orders Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera. The data indicate the importance of winter fallows for insect hibernation. Unmown meadows offer additional plant structures in winter (flower heads, stems, tufts and leaves) that are absent from mown ones. This increased structural diversity results in both higher species diversity and numbers of insect individuals during spring emergence. The results of this study thus emphasise the value of unmown structures for insect conservation and suggest a mosaic-like cutting maintenance of meadows, way- and river-sides and other green infrastructure in both the urban area and the open landscape. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Coleoptera Diptera green space habitat protection Heteroptera hibernation Hymenoptera insect decline meadow mowing urban ecology Insect hibernation on urban green land: a winter-adapted mowing regime as a management tool for insect conservation Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.13.20688 2018-02-21 biorisk

Environment Agency Austria, Vienna, Austria author Dolezel, Marion Environment Agency Austria, Vienna, Austria author Bartel, Andreas Environment Agency Austria, Vienna, Austria author Heissenberger, Andreas 2018-02-21 2018-02-21 2018 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 13 31 52 2018 2015 2015 Ages (2015) Österreichische Beschreibende Sortenliste. http://www.baes.gv.at/pflanzensorten/oesterreichische-beschreibende-sortenliste/ 10.4081/entomologia.2014.154 10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.007 C Bauer author 2017 2017 2003 2003 CIBE/CEFS (2003) Beet growing and sugar production in Europe. Environmental Report. Confédération Internationale des Betteraviers Européens (CIBE) and Comité Européen des Fabricants de Sucre (CEFS), Paris and Brussels. www.cefs.org 10.1603/0046-225X-33.4.1116 10.1186/2190-4715-23-33 1992 1992 EC (1992) Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. Official Journal of the European Communities L 206. 2006 2006 EC (2006) Halting the loss of biodiversity by 2010 - and beyond. Sustaining ecosystem services for human well–being. Communication from the Commission. European Commission. COM(2006) 216 final. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/biodiversity/comm2006/index_en.htm 2011 2011 EC (2011) Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to 2020. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. European Commission. COM(2011) 244 final. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/biodiversity/comm2006/pdf/EP_resolution_april2012.pdf 2002 2002 EEA (2002) Europe`s biodiversity-biogeographical regions and seas. EEA report No. 1/2002. http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/report_2002_0524_154909/ 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1879 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1250 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1877 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2149 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2429 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2478 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2934 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.3016 10.2805/57358 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4127 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4499 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4313 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4312 10.1017/S0021859612000767 10.1023/A:1009696823965 2013 2013 ETC/BD (2013) Reporting under Article 17 of the Habitats Directive (period 2007–2012). http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/activities/Reporting/Article_17/Reports_2013 10.1046/j.1439-0418.2002.00668.x 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02962.x W Hein author 2002 2002 A Heissenberger author 2003 2003 10.1073/pnas.211297698 10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.07.016 10.1186/s12302-016-0082-9 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.11.006 10.3897/biorisk.6.1334 10.1051/ebr:2003018 10.1007/s10841-015-9837-7 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.05.004 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.10.006 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2010.00981.x 10.1016/j.baae.2005.10.003 10.1016/j.agee.2011.05.026 10.1098/rspb.2009.2091 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02083.x 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.e14062 2015 2015 Statistik Austria (2015) http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/wirtschaft/land_und_forstwirtschaft/agrarstruktur_flaechen_ertraege/feldfruechte/index.html 10.1126/science.aaf8838 A Traxler author 2005 2005 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.165 10.3897/natureconservation.I.2786 10.3897/biorisk.13.20688 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/20688/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/20688/download/pdf/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/20688/download/xml/ In the environmental risk assessment (ERA) of genetically modified plants (GMP), the consideration of the different environments where genetically modified plants (GMP) will be commercially grown (the receiving environments) plays a crucial role. In addition, relevant protection goals which may be adversely affected by the GMP have to be considered during the ERA. Using a literature- and GIS-based approach, distribution data of protected lepidopteran species listed in Council Directive 92/43/EEC and of maize cultivation was used in order to evaluate potential spatial overlaps between GM maize and protected non-target Lepidoptera in different biogeographical regions (BGR) of the EU. Each BGR has its peculiarity regarding maize cultivation and the distribution of protected butterflies. The lepidopteran fauna of the Pannonian BGR is particularly sensitive due to large maize cultivation shares and wide distribution of protected butterflies within this BGR. For the BGRs evaluated potential, spatial exposures of protected butterflies to GM maize cannot be excluded. This study shows that the suggested approach is a useful tool for the consideration of EU-wide protected species in different receiving environments during the problem formulation of the ERA of GMPs. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Genetically modified plants European Union protection goals environmental risk assessment Bt maize non-target Lepidoptera biogeographical regions Habitats Directive spatial analysis Spatial analysis of the occurrence of protected butterflies in six European biogeographic regions as a tool for the environmental risk assessment of Bt maize Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.13.23514 2018-03-15 biorisk

Tottori University, Tottori, Japan author Karasawa, Shigenori Kyoto Women’s University, Kyoto, Japan author Nakata, Kensuke 2018-03-15 2018-03-15 2018 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 13 53 76 2018 Isopodi terrestri raccolti nell'Estremo Oriente dal Prof. Filippo Silvestri. A Arcangeli author 1927 text Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria della R Scuola superiore d'Agricoltura in Portici 1927 20 211 269 RD Bardgett author 2010 Aboveground-belowground linkages: biotic interactions, ecosystem processes, and global change, first edition. 2010 301 pp AW Bowman author 2014 2014 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01060.x 10.3897/biorisk.4.54 J Elith author 2015 2015 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120159 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2006.00258.x 10.1002/joc.5086 10.1111/ddi.12125 10.1017/CBO9780511810602 Terrestrial isopods and their habitats—A case study in Kyoto city. Y Fujita author 1999 text Forest Research, Kyoto 1999 71 1 7 Estimation of the walking ability of an exotic terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare Latreille by field and laboratory measurements. T Furukawa author 2017 text Edaphologia 2017 101 27 32 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2012.00768.x 2017 2017 GBIF.org (2017) Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Free and open access to biodiversity data. https://www.gbif.org/. 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00792.x 10.1016/j.tree.2014.02.009 10.1016/j.tree.2004.07.005 10.1007/BF00378988 10.1111/j.0906-7590.2006.04700.x 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01116.x 10.3897/zookeys.515.9403 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01600.x The food habits of Hynobius tokyoensis in broad-leaved forest floor. S Ihara author 1998 text Edaphologia 1998 60 1 9 On Japanese terrestrial isopods. K Iwamoto author 1943 text Shokubutsu oyobi dobutsu 1943 11 959 974 10.3897/zookeys.607.8253 10.2108/zsj.29.527 DNA barcoding identified the exotic terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) on the Kyushu mainland, western Japan. S Karasawa author 2017 text Journal of Field Science 2017 15 29 34 Redefinitions of Spherillo obscurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) and S. dorsalis (Iwamoto, 1943) (Crustacea: Oniscidea: Armadillidae), with DNA markers for identification. S Karasawa author 2014 text Edaphologia 2014 93 11 27 10.1002/ece3.1737 10.3897/zookeys.176.2372 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2008.00407.x 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00487.x 10.1111/bij.12574 10.3897/neobiota.32.9784 2014 2014 National Museum of Nature and Science (2014) S-Net. http://science-net.kahaku.go.jp/ Armadillidium vulgare is exotic species. N Nunomura author 2007 text Tokai University Press, Hatano 2007 223 224 Crustacea, Isopoda. N Nunomura author J Aoki author 2015 text Tokai University Press, Hatano 2015 997 1066 A Orgiazzi author 2016 Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas. 2016 176 pp 10.1111/gcb.13056 AT Peterson author 2011 Ecological niches and geographic distributions. 2011 314 pp 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.03.026 SJ Phillips author 2017 2017 2017 2017 R Core Team (2017) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/ 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.06.003 World catalog of terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea). H Schmalfuss author 2003 text Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A 2003 654 1 341 10.3897/zookeys.515.9332 10.1016/j.tree.2012.07.013 Über einige Isopoden der Zoologischen Staatssammlung in München. 38. Isopoden-Aufsatz. KW Verhoeff author 1928 text Zoologischer Anzeiger 1928 76 25 36 Terrestrial isopods and their habitats: a case study in Shiga-cho, Shiga prefecture, western Japan. H Watanabe author GK Veeresh author 1991 text Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi 1991 865 870 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00482.x Record of Armadillidium nasatum corrected from Tokyo. F Yamasaki author 2017 text Edaphologia 2017 101 33 34 10.1093/jisesa/iex054 The role of woodlice (Isopoda: Oniscidea) in mediating the decomposition of leaf litter. M Zimmer author SHS Hanna author 2004 text Cairo, Selbstverlag 2004 285 311 10.1007/s003740050597 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2000.00463.x 10.3897/biorisk.13.23514 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/23514/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/23514/download/pdf/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/23514/download/xml/ Evaluating potential distribution areas and limiting factors for the distribution of exotic species in invasive regions are essential to identify risks and protect the native ecosystem. However, less research has been conducted on the underground ecosystem than for above-ground. Factors, limiting the distributions of exotic terrestrial isopods, have been identified and their invasive stages and potential distribution areas in Japan evaluated. A database of distribution data has been developed for 17,412 terrestrial isopod specimens in Japan and two ecological niche models constructed using 19 bioclimatic variables; the regional model was calculated using data from Japan (invasive region) only, whereas a combination of data from Japan and North America (invasive regions) and Europe (native region) was used to construct the global model. The global model predicted that annual mean temperature and mean diurnal-temperature range were the important limiting factors for most exotic isopods. It was found that Armadillidium nasatum Budde-Lund, 1833, A. vulgare Latreille, 1804, Haplophthalmus danicus Budde-Lund, 1880, Porcellio laevis Latreille, 1804, P. scaber Latreille, 1804 and Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt, 1833) were composed of stabilising and colonising populations, which enabled prediction of the future spread of distribution areas for these species in Japan. Porcellio dilatatus Brandt, 1833 was introduced in unstable environments and thus was found in fewer locations. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Ecological niche model Maxent Oniscidea precipitation temperature Invasion stages and potential distributions of seven exotic terrestrial isopods in Japan Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.14.30319 2019-05-09 biorisk

Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco author Maissour, Abdellah https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5297-9386 Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco author Benamar, Saad 2019-05-09 2019-05-09 2019 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 14 1 14 2019 10.1127/1863-9135/2009/0175-0249 K Ahayoun author 2007 2007 Propuesta de un índice de vegetación acuática (IVAM) para la evaluación del estado trófico de los ríos de Castilla-La Mancha: A comparación con otros índices bióticos. M Alcaraz author 2006 text Limnetica 2006 25 821 838 10.1080/23818107.2017.1344136 Contextualisation du Référentiel floristique pour l’utilisation des macrophytes comme bioindicateurs de l’état des cours d’eau du bassin hydraulique du sebou au Maroc. S Benamar author 2014 text Journal International Sciences et Technique de l’Eau et de l’Environnement 2014 1 68 71 10.1007/BF00032121 J Coudreuse author 2005 2005 FH Dawson author 1999 Assessment Of the Trophic Status of Rivers Using Macrophytes: Evaluation of the Mean Trophic Rank. 1999 197 pp 10.1016/S1470-160X(03)00015-3 Índice RQI para la valoración de las riberas fluviales en el contexto de la directiva marco del agua. MG Del Tanago author 2006 text Ingeniería Civil 2006 143 97 108 10.1016/j.limno.2011.09.001 M Fennane author 1999 Flore pratique du Maroc. Manuel de détermination des plantes vasculaires volume 1. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, Angiospermae (Lauraceae–Neuradaceae). 1999 558 pp M Fennane author 2007 2007 10.1016/j.ecolind.2005.01.001 Índice de Macrófitos Fluviales (IMF), una nueva herramienta para evaluar el estado ecológico de los ríos mediterráneos. N Flor-Arnau author 2015 text Limnetica 2015 34 95 114 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2007.09.005 Attributes for assessing the environmental quality of riparian zones. M González del Tánago author 2006 text Limnetica 2006 25 389 402 10.1007/978-1-4020-5390-0_22 10.1007/BF01866609 10.1016/j.aquabot.2016.01.006 10.1016/j.limno.2010.11.001 Testing the floristic quality assessment index as an indicator of wetland condition. RD Lopez author 2002 text Ecological Applications 2002 12 487 497 10.1016/j.ecolind.2006.11.002 10.1016/j.desal.2008.03.052 10.1016/j.ecolind.2005.03.011 10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.06.057 10.1002/aqc.529 R Patrick author 1977 1977 10.1007/978-94-011-5782-7_12 Indicating the trophic state of running waters by using TIM (Trophic Index of Macrophytes)-Exemplary implementation of a new index in the river Inninger Bach. S Schneider author 2000 text Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica 2000 28 241 249 10.1002/iroh.200390005 10.1080/146349801753509195 Propuesta de un índice de macrófitos (IM) para evaluar la calidad ecológica de los ríos de la cuenca del Segura. M Suárez author 2005 text Limnetica 2005 24 305 318 10.1007/978-1-4020-5493-8_15 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00052-0 10.1016/j.aquabot.2018.07.004 B Valdés author 2002 2002 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.367 BA Whitton author 1975 1975 10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.12.056 Zur Präzisierung der biologischen Klassifikation der Reinheit fliessender Gewässer. M Zelinka author 1961 text Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 1961 57 389 407 10.3897/biorisk.14.30319 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/30319/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/30319/download/pdf/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/30319/download/xml/ One of the important tools to evaluate the ecological quality of surface water is the Macrophytes indices based on the bioindication capacity of aquatic plants. In Mediterranean rivers (France, Spain, and Portugal), the development of some macrophytes indices like l’Indice Biologique Macrophytes Rivières (IBMR), the biological metric score (BMS), as well as the Fluvial Macrophyte Index (IMF) are founded on the determination of the indicator values of the floristic reference lists. The aim of this study was to test the impact of the eco-Mediterranean differences (from one country to another) on the indicator taxa by comparing the indicator values of the Euro‐ Mediterranean macrophyte indices. With this in mind, we explore the possibility of the introduction of the Euro‐Mediterranean macrophytes-based indices in Morocco (i.e. the hydrological basin of Sebou (HBS)) as a part of a preliminary attempt to develop the first Afro-Mediterranean macrophyte index. We confirm that the ecological amplitude and species optima vary between Mediterranean ecoregions, and indicator taxa differ between countries: There are medium to small correlations between Mediterranean indices: IBMR/BMS (p = 0.000, R2 = 0.57), IMF/BMS (p = 0.000, R2 = 0.34), and IBMR/IMF (p = 0.000, R2 = 0.30). Five species exhibit major differences in indicator values: Zannichellia palustris and Potamogeton pectinatus have more eutrophic indicator values in France (IBMR) than in Spain (IMF). Potamogeton nodosus, Amblystegium riparium and Lycopus europaeus have broader ecological amplitudes in Portugal (BMS) than in France (IBMR) and in Spain (IMF), where it is restricted to eutrophic conditions. Furthermore, the three indicator systems include different indicator-taxon numbers. The comparison of the HBS elaborated list with the Euro‐Mediterranean indices revealed the low level of common taxa approximately 6.76% of all indicator species used in the French index (IBMR), 10.48% in the Portuguese index (IMF) and 12.38% in the Spanish index (BMS). These results show the inadequacy of the trophic indices approach with the HBS conditions and thus the need for the development of an index based on biotic indices approach. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Ecological water quality Macrophytes reference list bioindication hydromorphology Mediterranean rivers Impact of hydromorphological pressures on the macrophytes bioindicators of the ecological water quality in Mediterranean rivers Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.14.32682 2019-06-04 biorisk

Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile author Moreno, Roberto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9789-0905 Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile author Guerrero-Jimenez, Claudia Jimena 2019-06-04 2019-06-04 2019 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 14 15 24 2019 GA Acosta-Jamett author 2001 2001 10.1023/B:BIOC.0000018297.93657.7d 10.3406/geo.1999.21765 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.98036.x AF Bennett author 1998 1998 10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00138-9 Corredores biológicos: Una estrategia de conservación en el manejo de cuencas hidrográficas. SF Boraschi author 2009 text Kuru 2009 6 17 1 5 Consecuencias ecológicas de la fragmentación de los bosques nativos. R Bustamante author 1995 text Ambiente y Desarrollo 1995 11 2 58 63 R Bustamante author 2005 2005 Fragmentación del hábitat y desensamble de redes tróficas. L Cagnolo author 2011 text Ecosistemas (Madrid) 2011 20 2–3 68 78 DP Campos author 2002 2002 L Canet-Desanti author 2007 2007 2002 2002 CCAD-PNUD/GEF (2002) Proyecto para la consolidación del corredor biológico mesoamericano. URL: http://www.bio-nica.info/Biblioteca/CBM2002PlataformaDesarrolloSostenible.pdf 10.1002/9781118520178.ch21 R De Camino author 2008 2008 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00213-2 10.1650/0010-5422(2002)104[0482:NBOTRI]2.0.CO;2 10.1016/S0167-8809(03)00072-0 2013 2013 FAO (2013) Directrices sobre el cambio climático para los gestores forestales. www.fao.org 2015 2015 FAO (2015) Recursos Forestales Mundiales 2015 (ONU). Roma. 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00575-8 R García author 2002 2002 R García author 2005 2005 10.1098/rspb.1998.0333 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01450.x 10.1007/s10980-005-0063-7 10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00207-X E Hernández author 2004 2004 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01861.x 10.1071/PC930029 10.1007/s10980-013-9910-0 FKA Schmiegelow author 2008 2008 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98533.x B Locatelli author 2010 2010 10.1023/A:1021545419534 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.98233.x The Austrian Forest Biodiversity Index: All in one. N Milasowszky author 2009 text Ecological Indicators 2009 10 3 753 761 R Moreno author 2012 2012 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2011.07.003 10.5424/fs/2014232-03700 10.1590/1806-90882017000600012 10.1590/S0100-67622011000700016 J Moreno author 2006 2006 C Morera author 2007 2007 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.02489.x 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.01.033 R Primack author 2001 2001 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2001.99554.x 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0515:IONBFU]2.0.CO;2 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00740.x 10.1016/j.jnc.2013.07.002 Forest Management. L Rolle author 2017 text Forest Fragmentation and Biodiversity Corridor Function of Riparian Forest in Lesser Antilles Environment and Ecology Research 2017 5 5 377 385 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.06.003 M San Vicente author 2008 2008 Efectos de la fragmentación de hábitats y pérdida de conectividad ecológica dentro de la dinámica territorial. M San Vicente author 2006 text Polígonos Revista de Geografía 2006 16 35 54 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98417.x 10.1016/S0167-8809(03)00095-1 10.1073/pnas.202242699 V Toledo author 2005 2005 Le Corridor Vert du Guadiamar, réponse à la catastrophe écologique d'Aználcollar. JM Toribio Feria author 2004 text Sud-Ouest Européen 2004 17 1 77 87 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.01.001 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08020508.x 10.1016/j.biocon.2004.06.015 Uso de habitat de cuatro carnivoros terrestres en el sur de Chile. A Zúñiga author 2009 text Gayana (Concepción) 2009 73 2 200 210 10.3897/biorisk.14.32682 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/32682/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/32682/download/pdf/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/32682/download/xml/ Natural ecosystems are increasingly being affected by climate change and fragmentation, which have a strong impact on biodiversity thus affecting habitats and species diversity of flora and fauna at all levels. As a response to this situation the idea of biological corridors was developed. This review relates the problems associated with the main concepts and definitions of the biological corridors, seeking to highlight the advantages of this tool and describing its potential applicability, and showing the importance of the biological corridors as a solution to improve the conservation of species and so as to support sustainable development in areas of high biodiversity. Examples of biological corridors in several countries are cited and its application guidelines and conservation benefits are described. In conclusion, the need to improve information on habitat and its association with wild species is highlighted through adaptive forestry that is part of a comprehensive management of forest ecosystems. In addition, it is important to monitor the effects of corridors implemented in a feedback process that allows a greater analysis and evaluation of the overall positive effects of their implementation. Finally, some management actions are proposed to improve the conservation of ecosystems. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Ecosystem management biodiversity conservation biological corridor sustainability What about biological corridors? A review on some problems of concepts and their management Review Article

10.3897/biorisk.14.35953 2019-07-02 biorisk

Proyecto Paisajes Vida Silvestre, Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo, Quito, Ecuador Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador author Medrano-Vizcaíno, Pablo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3122-048X 2019-07-02 2019-07-02 2019 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 14 25 30 2019 10.3897/biorisk.14.35953 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/35953/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/35953/download/pdf/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/35953/download/xml/ Aspects about the feeding behavior of the Laughing falcon (Herpetotheres cachinnans)article remain poorly investigated with scarce reports of identified species ingested by this bird. Worse still, information describing how this bird ingests poisonous snakes is not known. Although this falcon eats snakes, there are no reports of feeding on Bothrops atrox. In this work, I describe this predation event and analyze how roads seem to be a potential hunting strategy that H. cachinnans exploit to prey on snakes. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Cofán Bermejo Ecological Reserve Diet Equis Raptor birds Venomous snakes Predating behavior of the Laughing falcon (Herpetotheres cachinnans) on the venomous Amazonian pit viper Bothrops atrox (the use of roads as a prey source) Short Communication

10.3897/biorisk.15.49297 2020-05-04 biorisk

Environment Agency Austria, Vienna, Austria author Dolezel, Marion Federal Office for the Environment, Ittigen, Switzerland author Lüthi, Christoph https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3228-7424 Environment Agency Austria, Vienna, Austria author Gaugitsch, Helmut 2020-05-04 2020-05-04 2020 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 15 1 29 2020 2017 2017 AAS (2017) Synthetic gene drives in Australia: Implications of emerging technologies. Australian Academy of Sciences. Canberra, Australia. https://www.science.org.au/support/analysis/reports/synthetic-gene-drives-australia-implications-emerging-technologies A Aebi author 2016 2016 10.1016/j.cub.2013.02.059 10.1021/sb300079h 10.1126/science.aac7932 10.1016/j.eja.2007.11.010 10.2903/sp.efsa.2010.EN-71 Patterns of mitochondrial variation within and between African Malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae and A. ambiensis, suggest extensive gene flow. 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Policy Report. RIVM Letter report 2016-0023. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment. http://www.rivm.nl 10.21945/RIVM-2018-0090 10.1007/s10592-019-01165-5 10.1038/nbt.2842 10.1007/s10340-018-1052-3 10.15252/embr.201845760 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1990.tb00837.x 10.1038/nrg1870 10.1038/s41598-019-51994-0 10.1073/pnas.0608767104 2019 2019 Target Malaria (2019) Target Malaria. https://targetmalaria.org/our-work/our-approach/ [accessed on June, 19th, 2019] 10.1371/journal.pone.0123011 10.1534/genetics.115.177592 10.1038/s41598-017-10633-2 2014 2014 WHO (2014) The Guidance Framework for testing genetically modified mosquitoes. Programme for Research and Training in Tropical diseases. http://www.who.int 10.1111/eva.12369 10.1038/s41598-017-07089-9 10.1371/journal.pone.0011405 10.3897/biorisk.15.49297 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/49297/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/49297/download/pdf/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/49297/download/xml/ Gene drive organisms (GDOs) have been suggested as approaches to combat some of the most pressing environmental and public health issues. No such organisms have so far been released into the environment, but it remains unclear whether the relevant regulatory provisions will be fit for purpose to cover their potential environmental, human and animal health risks if environmental releases of GDOs are envisaged. We evaluate the novel features of GDOs and outline the resulting challenges for the environmental risk assessment. These are related to the definition of the receiving environment, the use of the comparative approach, the definition of potential harm, the stepwise testing approach, the assessment of long-term and large-scale risks at population and ecosystem level and the post-release monitoring of adverse effects. Fundamental adaptations as well as the development of adequate risk assessment methodologies are needed in order to enable an operational risk assessment for globally spreading GDOs before these organisms are released into environments in the EU. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers environmental risk assessment European Union gene drive genetically modified organism GMO Beyond limits – the pitfalls of global gene drives for environmental risk assessment in the European Union Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.15.58455 2020-12-02 biorisk

Polytechnic University of Quintana Roo, Cancun, Mexico author Borbolla-Vazquez, Jessica CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico, Mexico author Ugalde-Silva, Paul https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5625-3862 University of Quintana Roo, Cancun, Mexico author León-Borges, José Antonio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3992-8696 Polytechnic University of Quintana Roo, Cancun, Mexico author Díaz-Hernández, Job Alí https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2497-1157 2020-12-02 2020-12-02 2020 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 15 31 43 2020 10.1007/s100400050152 10.1007/s10661-005-4691-9 1998 1998 APHA (1998) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environmental Federation, Washington DC. 10.1007/s10040-010-0699-5 10.1007/s11356-018-1212-2 10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.04.002 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.053 Geochemistry of the hydrogeological reserve of Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico. O Escolero author 2005 text Geofísica Internacional 2005 44 301 314 10.1111/gwat.12618 RJ Hijmans author 2017 2017 AL Hoogesteijn-Reul author 2015 2015 2017 2017 Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) (2017) Anuario estadístico y geográfico de Quintana Roo 2017. México. https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/biblioteca/ficha.html?upc=702825087357 K Kane author 2016 2016 10.31840/sya.v0i21.2039 J MacQueen author 1967 1967 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.10.007 10.1139/cjm-2019-0173 10.1007/BF00399544 VA Nava-Galindo author 2015 2015 2015 2015 Norma Mexicana NMX-AA-042-SCFI-2015 (2015) Análisis de agua. Enumeración de organismos coliformes totales, organismos coliformes fecales (termotolerantes) y Escherichiacoli. Método del número más probable en tubos múltiples. Secretaría de Economía, México. 10.1080/09603129409356812 Bacteriological contamination in the karstic aquifer of Yucatán, Mexico. AJ Pacheco author 2000 text Geofísica Internacional 2000 39 285 291 Analysis of the microbiological contamination (Total And Fecales coliforms) In The Bay Of Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean. L Ramos author 2008 text Acta Biológica Colombiana 2008 13 87 98 10.2307/2309088 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00308 10.1007/s12560-017-9309-1 2013 2013 Secretaria de Turismo (SECTUR) (2013) Agendas De Competitividad de los Destinos Turísticos de Turismo México, Estudio de Competitividad Turística del Destino Cancún, México. http://www.sectur.gob.mx/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/PDF-Cancun.pdf 2015 2015 Comisión Nacional del Agua (CONAGUA) (2015) Programa Hídrico Regional 2014-2018 de la región Hidrológico-Administrativa XII Península de Yucatán, México. https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/241045/PHR_09.06.16.compressed.pdf Hidrología y fauna acuática de los cenotes de la Península de Yucatán. E Suárez-Morales author 1998 text Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural 1998 48 37 47 2004 2004 World Health Organization (WHO) (2004) Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality (3rd edn). E Williams author 2011 2011 10.3897/biorisk.15.58455 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/58455/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/58455/download/pdf/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/58455/download/xml/ The large increase in population in Cancun, Mexico has increased domestic, agricultural and industrial activities, resulting in inadequate solid and liquid waste management that can affect underground aquifers. One of the factors which affects water quality is coliform bacteria. The present study focused on determining the presence of total and faecal coliforms in ten urban cenotes in Cancun. Sampling was carried out in the dry and rainy seasons of 2018. The Most Probable Number (MPN) technique was used to determine the concentration of coliform bacteria. The results from the analyses indicate that the ten cenotes are contaminated with total and faecal coliforms. Additionally, the concentration of coliforms increases during the rainy season. We conclude that all the cenotes are contaminated with faecal coliforms and suggest that more studies are necessary to determine the origin of this contamination and the impact on the ecosystem. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers cenote faecal coliform total coliform underground water Total and faecal coliforms presence in cenotes of Cancun; Quintana Roo, Mexico Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.15.59823 2020-12-29 biorisk

University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Büro Lang, Zell im Wiesental, Germany author Lang, Andreas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5664-8485 Büro Geyer & Dolek, Wörthsee, Germany author Dolek, Matthias https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3778-9482 Agrotecnio Center-University, Lleida, Spain author Lee, Marina Büro Geyer & Dolek, Wörthsee, Germany author Freese-Hager, Anja Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany author Otto, Mathias https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3161-5625 2020-12-29 2020-12-29 2020 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 15 45 65 2020 10.1079/9780851998619.0000 An ecologically-based method for selecting ecological indicators for assessing risks to biological diversity from genetically-engineered plants. 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BOC Gardiner author 1978 text Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 1978 90 267 270 TR Glare author 2000 2000 R Gleichauf author 1968 1968 DG Grisdale author 1963 1963 10.4039/Ent1051553-12 L Hansen author 1979 1979 10.1093/jisesa/iev151 10.1079/9781845930004.0000 Analysis and validation of present ecotoxicological test methods and strategies for the risk assessment of genetically modified plants. A Hilbeck author 2008 text BfN-Skripten 2008 236 1 143 10.1186/2190-4715-23-13 10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.07.016 Variation of Maize Pollen Shedding in North Germany and its Relevance for GMO-Monitoring. F Hofmann author B Breckling author 2013 text Peter Lang D, Frankfurt 2013 19 25 B Holtheuer author 1908 1908 HL House author 1971 Artificial diets for insects: a compilation of references with abstracts. Inform. Bulletin No. 7, Research Institute. 1971 156 pp 2019 2019 ISAAA (2019) ISAAA Briefs brief 54 Global status of Commercialized biotech / GM Crops in 2018. ISAAA Brief No. 54. Ithaca, NY. A list of larvae sustained on wheatgerm diet. KT Khalaf author 1979 text Journal of the Lepidopterists Society 1979 33 196 197 10.1051/ebr:2003018 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.05.004 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2010.00981.x 10.1016/j.baae.2005.10.003 Dispersion and deposition of Bt maize pollen in field margins. A Lang author 2004 text Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 2004 111 417 428 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.10.006 10.1186/s12302-019-0220-2 10.1051/ebr:2003015 KG Lutz author 1904 1904 Macro-moths as possible assessment endpoints for non-target effects of Bt-maize pollen: A faunistic study in three Italian protected areas. A Masetti author 2017 text Bulletin of Insectology 2017 70 307 314 10.4039/Ent9758-1 Rearing butterflies on artificial diets. AC Morton author 1979 text Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 1979 18 4 221 227 Zuchtberichte 29. Grundlagen der Schmetterlingszucht 1. Mitteilung: Einführung in die Schmetterlingszucht. T Müller author 1986 text Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte 1986 30 3 126 128 Zuchtberichte. 31. Grundlagen der Schmetterlingszucht 2. Mitteilung: Anregungen für technische Hilfsmittel zur Schmetterlingszucht. T Müller author 1987a text Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte 1987a 31 4 182 185 Zuchtberichte 34. Grundlagen der Schmetterlingszucht 3. Mitteilung: Hinweise zur Zucht von Tagfaltern. T Müller author 1987b text Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte 1987b 31 6 276 279 Zuchtberichte. 26. Freilandunabhängige, inzuchtfreie Schmetterlingszucht. T Müller author 1985 text Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte 1985 29 31 32 10.1093/ee/27.2.450 10.1017/S0007485312000351 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02083.x 10.1093/jee/90.2.669 A simple technique for hand-pairing Limenitis butterflies. AP Platt author 1969 text Journal of the Lepidopterists Society 1969 23 109 112 10.1201/9781420032314 Die Schmetterlingsdatenbank LEPIDAT des Bundesamtes für Naturschutz (BfN): Grundlage für die Erstellung der Roten Liste gefährdeter Großschmetterlinge Deutschlands. P Pretscher author 2000 text Schriftenreihe Landschaftspflege Naturschutz 2000 65 51 70 10.1016/B978-0-08-030805-0.50015-8 R Reinhardt author 2020 2020 E Rennwald author 2019 2019 General recommendations for soil ecotoxicological tests suitable for the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants. J Römbke author 2010 text Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 2010 2010 6 287 300 10.1051/ebr:2003007 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05716.x 10.1007/978-1-4684-8349-9 10.1017/S1742758400002393 10.1017/S1742758400002393 P Singh author 1985 1985 10.1080/03014223.1980.10423799 10.1007/BF01906564 DJ Stradling author 1999 1999 A Traxler author 2005 Biodiversitäts-Hotspots der Agrarlandschaft als Eckpfeiler für Risikoabschätzung und Monitoring von GVO. 2005 185 pp 10.4001/1021-3589-15.2.356 10.1146/annurev.en.19.010174.001035 de Vries MF Wallis author 2017 2017 HJ Weidemann author 1982–1984 1982–1984 10.1051/ebr:2006005 R Wyniger author 1974 1974 10.1073/pnas.171315698 10.3897/biorisk.15.59823 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/59823/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/59823/download/pdf/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/59823/download/xml/ Bt maize targeting Lepidopteran pests poses potential risks for non-target (NT) butterflies and moths which are addressed in the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified crop plants. For this purpose, eco-toxicological tests are often conducted with specific NT species in the laboratory in order to assess possible adverse effects. As only a limited number of surrogate species can be addressed, the choice of focal species to be tested is an important decision. However, practical and standardised selection procedures have hardly been developed and applied for NT Lepidoptera, so far. Here, we present a transparent and systematic selection process of suitable test species for Germany, involving selection criteria such as exposure to Bt maize, habitat range and laboratory maintenance of the species. As a result, we compiled a list of 15 lepidopteran species particularly appropriate for testing the adverse effects of Bt maize in the laboratory. In addition, we collected and reviewed published reports for breeding methods of Lepidoptera, which provides essential information on maintaining lab stocks of NT Lepidoptera. The presented selection procedure allows focusing on the relevant test species in a transparent and reproducible way, and supplies the breeding knowledge required to breed and maintain them, which will be of great utility for the future assessment on possible risks of Bt maize cultivation to non-target Lepidoptera. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers breeding Bt maize ecotoxicity GMO Lepidoptera risk assessment species selection test species Selection of non-target Lepidoptera species to test Bt maize effects in the laboratory: which species and how to breed them? Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.16.61099 2021-03-09 biorisk

Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany author Seidel, Matthias https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4913-8778 Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany author Lüttke, Maren Unaffiliated, Plourin-lès-Morlaix, France author Cocquempot, Christian The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom author Potts, Katy Unaffiliated, Oxon, United Kingdom author Heeney, Wil J. Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany author Husemann, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5536-6681 2021-03-09 2021-03-09 2021 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 16 1 13 2021 2. Nachtrag zur Bockkäferfauna der Steiermark unter dem Aspekt der Artenbedrohung (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). K Adlbauer author 2001 text Joannea Zoologie 2001 3 83 104 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0623 10.1038/ncomms12986 EG Burmeister author 2012 2012 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.09.004 Alien longhorned beetles (ColeopteraCerambycidae): Original interceptions and introductions in Europe, mainly in France, and notes about recently imported species. 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A Riedel author 2005 text Carolinea (Karlsruhe) 2005 63 215 218 Larvae of Chlorophorus annularis F. [Col. Cerambycidae] destroying skistaffs of bamboo in Helsinki). Suomen hyönteist. U Saalas author 1940 text aikakauskirja Helsinki 1940 6 112 115 10.3390/insects9020052 Bemerkenswerte Käferfunde aus Österreich (III) (Coleoptera). H Schillhammer author 1994 text Koleopterologische Rundschau 1994 64 291 293 Ein Beitrag zum Vorkommen und zur Lebensweise des Bambusbohrers, Chlorophorus annularis F. (Col. Cerambycidae). G Schmidt author 1962 text Zeitschrift für Angewandte Zoologie 1962 49 87 94 10.1016/j.biocon.2017.08.019 10.1038/ncomms14435 10.1016/j.tree.2012.07.013 MEF Sláma author 1998 1998 S Steiner author 1997 1997 Chlorophorus annularis F., 1787 (Col., Cerambycidae) – auch im Rheinland importiert. K Stock author 2001 text Mitteilungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Rheinischer Koleopterologen 2001 11 3 139 140 10.1007/s12600-017-0632-8 O Tuurala author 1945 1945 Notas sobre icornios ibéricos (V). Cerambícidos importados o aclimatados en la Península Ibérica (ColeopteraCerambycidae). E Vives author 1995 text Zapateri Revista aragonesa de Entomología 1995 5 165 174 10.1093/jme/tjx166 Über seltenes oder bemerkenswertes Auftreten von Hausungeziefer und Vorratsschädlingen in Hamburg. H Weidner author 1954 text Zeitschrift für Angewandte Zoologie 1954 41 2 113 137 10.1007/BF01902578 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01505.x 10.3897/biorisk.16.61099 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/61099/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/61099/download/pdf/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/61099/download/xml/ The Asian bamboo borer Chlorophorus annularis is a beetle species that has been introduced in many countries globally. Originating in Southeast Asia, it can now be found in the Americas, South Africa, the Middle East, Australasia and Europe. The literature record of the species in Europe consists of findings of single individuals usually associated with imported bamboo products. A general European effort in surveying C. annularis was never undertaken, since the overall scientific consensus was that the species cannot establish here. Yet, recent records in Genk, Torhout (Belgium) and in Hamburg (Germany) do not seem directly associated with a recently imported product and hence may indicate otherwise. Such a shortfall in recording commonly imported, potentially invasive species may be counteracted through citizen science initiatives, allowing for continuous, high density monitoring. In this paper we present thirteen new records of the species from five European countries, including two new country records, mostly going back to interested citizen scientists. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers bamboo Cerambycidae Coleoptera Hamburg insect invasion biology neozoa pest organism Citizen scientists significantly improve our knowledge on the non-native longhorn beetle Chlorophorus annularis (Fabricius, 1787) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in Europe Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.17.84978 2022-04-21 biorisk

Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria author Chankova, Stephka 2022-04-21 2022-04-21 2022 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 17 1 5 2022 10.3897/biorisk.17.84978 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/84978/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/84978/download/pdf/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/84978/download/xml/ none text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers none International seminar of ecology – 2021 “Current trends of ecology” Editorial

10.3897/biorisk.17.77438 2022-04-21 biorisk

Institute of biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria author Metcheva, Roumiana Institute of biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria author Ostoich, Peter Institute of biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria author Beltcheva, Michaela https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0107-6130 2022-04-21 2022-04-21 2022 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 17 7 18 2022 10.3897/biorisk.17.77438 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/77438/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/77438/download/pdf/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/77438/download/xml/ The problem of environmental pollution is becoming increasingly important on a global scale. Man has oversaturated the environment of his habitat with harmful and most often toxic waste. It is difficult to describe all the toxic substances, as a separate book can be written for each group. The term “ecocide” has been introduced, which reflects large-scale destruction of the natural environment. We will focus only on three classes of pollutants that are of particular concern, creating environmental conflicts. These are: • Pesticides are extremely toxic and create large amounts of non-degradable waste. It accumulates in tissues and organs of target organisms, becoming toxic and causing serious pathological changes in the body, mainly at the cellular and subcellular levels, causing various diseases and as a result, serious changes in the structure and functions of the populations and the whole ecosystem are increasingly observed. • Waste from the nuclear industry and radioactive fallout from nuclear explosions. It is especially dangerous that radioactive elements can be concentrated in certain organs. • Petroleum products - often large quantities end up in the seas and oceans, along with industrial waste of various kinds, impossible to compensate for by nature and they pose a serious threat to ecosystems, many of which have already been destroyed. At the submolecular level, chemical and physical effects can lead to genetic rearrangements (mutations); destructive ionization in the tissues of every living being, sometimes with completely unexpected consequences for humans. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Pesticides petroleum products radionuclides Ecocide – global consequences (pesticides, radionuclides, petroleum products) Research Article

10.3897/biorisk.17.77458 2022-04-21 biorisk

Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria author Nikolova, Radina Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria author Petkova, Michaella N. Poushkarov Institute of Soil Science, Agrotechnologies and Plant Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria author Dinev, Nikolai Soﬁa University “St. Kl. Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria author Kenarova, Anelia Soﬁa University “St. Kl. Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria author Boteva, Silvena Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria author Berov, Dimitar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5235-7800 Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria author Radeva, Galina 2022-04-21 2022-04-21 2022 BioRisk 1313-2652 1313-2644 17 19 30 2022 Bacterial abundance along a gradient of heavy metal contaminated soils in the region of Zlatitsa-Pirdop valley, Western Bulgaria. M Aleksova author 2020 text Comptes rendus de l’Academie bulgare des Sciences 2020 73 3 433 442 10.5772/intechopen.96805 10.1111/1574-6941.12212 10.1016/j.apsoil.2012.11.004 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.096 10.1007/BF00170116 10.1016/j.apsoil.2018.10.022 10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.08.021 10.1128/AEM.71.7.4117-4120.2005 10.1007/s00248-013-0344-7 10.1007/s11356-015-4186-3 10.1371/journal.pone.0255137 2005 2005 ISO 10390 (2005) Soil quality – Determination of pH. https://www.iso.org/standard/40879.html 1998 1998 ISO 11047 (1998) Soil quality – Determination of cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc – Flame and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric methods. https://www.iso.org/standard/24010.html 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.060 A Kachinsky author 1958 1958 10.1016/j.rsma.2019.100524 10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c33 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111493 10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c24 10.1007/s11270-017-3655-3 Relationships between Soil Microbial Activity, Bacterial Diversity and Abiotic Factors Along the Heavy Metal Contamination Gradient. DD Palov author 2020 text Ecologia Balkanica 2020 3 31 39 10.1002/ece3.4170 10.1016/j.apsoil.2021.104162 10.5402/2011/402647 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01867 10.1038/srep14266 10.1007/s00248-016-0821-x 10.1111/1462-2920.14407 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.136 10.3897/biorisk.17.77458 https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/77458/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/77458/download/pdf/ https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/77458/download/xml/ In the present study, the correlation between bacterial abundance and soil physicochemical properties along the heavy metal contamination gradient in the area of non-ferrous metal processing plant was assessed. Our results showed that bacterial abundance (number of heterotrophic bacteria and number of 16S rRNA gene copies) decreased with 45–56% (CFU) and 54–87% (16S rRNA gene) along the Zn, Pb and Cd contamination gradient. The total bacterial abundance (16S rRNA gene) increased exponentially in contrast to the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria. The reduction of bacterial abundance in heavily contaminated soil indicated that the soil properties (soil pH, total organic carbon, inorganic ions, soil texture) could modify the effects of heavy metals and the response of microorganisms to that stress in long-term contaminated soils. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Bacterial abundance 16S rRNA gene heavy metals soil contamination soil properties Correlation between bacterial abundance, soil properties and heavy metal contamination in the area of non-ferrous metal processing plant, Southern Bulgaria Research Article cGFnZT0xJnNldD1iaW9yaXNrJmZyb209JnVudGlsPSZtZXRhZGF0YV9wcmVmaXg9bW9kcw==