2024-03-29T00:03:44Z
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/oai.php
10.3897/biorisk.1
2008-12-03
biorisk
UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
author
Settele, Josef
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8624-4983
Naturmuseum Südtirol, Bozen, Italy
author
Kudrna, Otakar
UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
author
Harpke, Alexander
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
author
Kühn, Ingolf
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1691-8249
De Vlinderstichting – Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Wageningen, Netherlands
author
van Swaay, Chris
University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
author
Verovnik, Rudi
Butterfly Conservation, Dorset, United Kingdom
author
Warren, Martin
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Austria
author
Wiemers, Martin
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5272-3903
UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
author
Hanspach, Jan
University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
author
Hickler, Thomas
Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle/Saale, Germany
author
Kühn, Elisabeth
De Vlinderstichting – Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Wageningen, Netherlands
author
van Halder, Inge
De Vlinderstichting – Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Wageningen, Netherlands
author
Veling, Kars
De Vlinderstichting – Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Wageningen, Netherlands
author
Vliegenthart, Albert
De Vlinderstichting – Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Wageningen, Netherlands
author
Wynhoff, Irma
Germany
author
Schweiger, Oliver
2008-12-03
2008-12-03
2008
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
1
1-712
2008
10.3897/biorisk.1
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1821/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1821/download/pdf/
The overarching aim of the atlas is to communicate the potential risks of climatic change to the future of European butterflies. The main objectives are to: (1) provide a visual aid to discussions on climate change risks and impacts on biodiversity and thus contribute to risk communication as a core element of risk assessment; (2) present crucial data on a large group of species which could help to prioritise conservation efforts in the face of climatic change; (3) reach a broader audience through the combination of new scientific results with photographs of all treated species and some straight forward information about the species and their ecology. The results of this atlas show that climate change is likely to have a profound effect on European butterflies. Ways to mitigate some of the negative impacts are to (1) maintain large populations in diverse habitats; (2) encourage mobility across the landscape; (3) reduce emissions of greenhouse gasses; (4) allow maximum time for species adaptation; (4) conduct further research on climate change and its impacts on biodiversity. The book is a result of long-term research of a large international team of scientists, working at research institutes and non-governmental organizations, many within the framework of projects funded by the European Commission. DOWNLOAD COMPLETE VOLUME [PDF, 46.3 MB] Each chapter may be browsed/downloaded from the links below:0. COVER, TITLE PAGE, CONTENTS [PDF, 608 KB]A. CLIMATE CHANGE, BIODIVERSITY, BUTTERFLIES, AND RISK ASSESSMENT [PDF, 208 KB]B. METHODOLOGY [PDF, 516 KB]C. CLIMATE RISKS OF EUROPEAN BUTTERFLY SPECIES. Introduction and Hesperidae [PDF, 5.6 MB]; Papilionidae [PDF, 1.61 MB]; Pieridae [PDF, 5.0 MB]; Lycaenidae, Riodinidae, Libytheidae [PDF, 12 MB]; Nymphalidae, Danaidae [PDF, 21.2 MB]; Non-modelled species and summary [PDF, 328 KB]D. DISCUSSION OF METHODOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS [PDF, 572 KB]E. OUTLOOK: CLIMATE CHANGE AND BUTTERFLY CONSERVATION [PDF, 228 KB]F. APPENDICES, REFERENCES AND INDEX [PDF, 424 KB]Full-color paperback (EURO 59.00) and/or hardback (EURO 89.00) versions may be ordered at info@pensoft.net.
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
climate change
butterfly
Lepidoptera
niche model
mapping
Europe
risk assessment
Climatic Risk Atlas of European Butterflies
Monograph
10.3897/biorisk.2.4
2009-11-27
biorisk
Finland
author
Heikkinen, Risto
Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
author
Leikola, Niko
Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
author
Fronzek, Stefan
Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland
author
Lampinen, Raino
Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
author
Toivonen, Heikki
2009-11-27
2009-11-27
2009
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
2
1-32
2009
10.3897/biorisk.2.4
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1822/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1822/download/pdf/
Climate data and distribution data for the Canadian waterweed Elodea canadensis Michx. from North America, whole Europe and Finland were used to investigate the ability of bioclimatic envelope models to predict the distribution range and recent northward range shift of the species in Europe. Four different main types of models were developed using the North American data, including either three baseline climate variables (growing degrees days, temperature of the coldest month, water balance) or an extended set of seven climate variables, both averaged either over a 30 year time slice or a longer 90 year time slice. Ten different random selections of pseudo-absences were generated from the North American data, on the basis of which ten separate generalized additive models (GAMs) were developed for each main model type. All the 40 developed GAMs were applied first to North America and then transferred to whole Europe and Finland. All the models showed a statistically highly significant accuracy in the three study areas. Although the differences among the four main model types were only minor, the two extended model types showed on average statistically better performance than the two baseline models based on Bayesian information criterion (BIC) values, the amount of deviance explained by the models, resubstitution validation and four-fold cross-validation in North America. They also provided slightly more accurate predictions of climatically suitable area for Elodea canadensis in Finland both in 19611984 and 19852006. However, the projections from the individual extended models were more variable than projections from the baseline models. Thus model predictions based on a variety of predictor variables but only one selection of pseudoabsences may be subject to biases, and outputs from multiple models should be investigated to better account for uncertainties in modelling. Overall, our results suggest that more attention should be paid to the careful selection of predictor variables and the use of multiple pseudo-absence sets in the ecological niche modelling in order to increase the reliability of the projections of the range shifts of invasive species.
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en_US
Pensoft Publishers
aquatic invasions
bioclimatic envelope model
Canadian waterweed
climate predictor
model performance
pseudo-absences
species distribution modelling
variable selection
Predicting distribution patterns and recent northward range shift of an invasive aquatic plant: Elodea canadensis in Europe
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.2.39
2009-11-27
biorisk
IBPN RAS, Magadan,
author
Marusik, Yuri
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4499-5148
author
Fet, Victor
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-600X
2009-11-27
2009-11-27
2009
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
2
73-76
2009
10.3897/biorisk.2.39
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1823/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1823/download/pdf/
N/A
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Species and Communities in Extreme Environments. Festschrift towards the 75th Anniversary and a Laudatio in Honour of Academician Yuri Ivanovich Chernov
Book Review
10.3897/biorisk.2.38
2009-11-27
biorisk
UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
author
Settele, Josef
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8624-4983
Naturmuseum Südtirol, Bozen, Italy
author
Kudrna, Otakar
UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
author
Harpke, Alexander
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
author
Kühn, Ingolf
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1691-8249
De Vlinderstichting – Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Wageningen, Netherlands
author
van Swaay, Chris
University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
author
Verovnik, Rudi
Butterfly Conservation, Dorset, United Kingdom
author
Warren, Martin
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Austria
author
Wiemers, Martin
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5272-3903
UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
author
Hanspach, Jan
University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
author
Hickler, Thomas
Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle/Saale, Germany
author
Kühn, Elisabeth
De Vlinderstichting – Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Wageningen, Netherlands
author
van Halder, Inge
De Vlinderstichting – Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Wageningen, Netherlands
author
Veling, Kars
De Vlinderstichting – Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Wageningen, Netherlands
author
Vliegenthart, Albert
De Vlinderstichting – Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Wageningen, Netherlands
author
Wynhoff, Irma
Germany
author
Schweiger, Oliver
2009-11-27
2009-11-27
2009
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
2
33-72
2009
10.3897/biorisk.2.38
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1824/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1824/download/pdf/
In the Climatic Risk Atlas of European Butterflies by Settele et al. (2008) some errors occurred for which we apologize and herewith present the corrections.
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en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Corrigenda: Climatic Risk Atlas of European Butterflies
Corrigenda
10.3897/biorisk.3.40
2009-12-28
biorisk
Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt, Germany
author
Krupp, Friedhelm
Old Dominion University, Norfolk,
author
Musselman, Lytton
Regional Organization for the Conservation of the Environment of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (PERSGA), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
author
Kotb, Mohammed
Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
author
Weidig, Ilka
2009-12-28
2009-12-28
2009
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
3
1-4
2009
10.3897/biorisk.3.40
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1825/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1825/download/pdf/
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
The effects of climate change on biodiversity: Pressing issues and research priorities
Editorial
10.3897/biorisk.3.30
2009-12-28
biorisk
Israel
author
Por, Francis
2009-12-28
2009-12-28
2009
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
3
5-19
2009
10.3897/biorisk.3.30
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1826/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1826/download/pdf/
Many thousands of tropical species have been settling in the Mediterranean during the last decades. This is the result of congruence between the present Climate Optimum, which is expressed in the warming of the sea and the opening of the contact with the Indo-pacific realm through the Suez Canal and a renewed entry through the Straits of Gibraltar. A historical review shows that tropical biota survived in the Mediterranean till the end of the Pliocene Climate Optimum and that presently we are witnessing a re-colonization of the Mediterranean by Tethyan descendants, rather than an invasion by harmful alien species as happens elsewhere. The limits of this resettling as witnessed today are discussed.
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en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Lessepsian migration
invasive species
climate change
Mediterranean biodiversity
Tethys
Tethys returns to the Mediterranean: Success and Limits of Tropical Re-Colonization
Review Article
10.3897/biorisk.3.34
2009-12-28
biorisk
Germany
author
Krutschinna, Jenny
Frankfurt University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
author
Streit, Bruno
2009-12-28
2009-12-28
2009
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
3
21-25
2009
10.3897/biorisk.3.34
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1827/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1827/download/pdf/
Responding to inadequate awareness of the outstanding importance of biodiversity, the BioFrankfurt network was founded in 2004 in the State of Hesse, Germany. It is presented here as a case study and may serve as a model for other parts of the world, such as the Middle East. In 2007, only about 26% of the German population were familiar with the term Biodiversity, and most of them only had a vague idea about its meaning. The BioFrankfurt network of institutions addressed this problem, raising public awareness and supporting research, education and conservation. A regional biodiversity education program has been developed and delivered to more than 500 schools. Since 2007, an innovative public relations campaign combines raising awareness on regional biodiversity issues with activities to improve the public image of the Frankfurt area. Because of its geographical focus, the networks activities gained the attention of local and regional politicians and other decision makers, culminating in the joint establishment of a new Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre by BioFrankfurt member institutions. The success of current activities attracts interesting partners, resulting in challenging cooperation initiatives. The authors are convinced that the networks concepts and activities have a great potential to profoundly enhance the notion and acceptance of biodiversity issues elsewhere.
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en_US
Pensoft Publishers
BioFrankfurt
biodiversity network
education
public awareness
scientific communication
The biodiversity network BioFrankfurt: An innovative strategic approach to integrative research, conservation, and education
Review Article
10.3897/biorisk.3.18
2009-12-28
biorisk
Zayed University, United Arab Emirates
author
Gardner, Andrew
Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
author
Howarth, Brigitte
2009-12-28
2009-12-28
2009
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
3
27-38
2009
10.3897/biorisk.3.18
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1828/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1828/download/pdf/
The United Arab Emirates is a small Gulf country with perhaps the fastest rate of infrastructure development anywhere. While there is legislation in place requiring environmental impact assessments (EIA) to be undertaken for all major projects, the speed and scope of development provides special challenges in devising and implementing ecological mitigation against the loss of habitats and biodiversity that this development engenders. This paper critically discusses mitigation strategies that have been attempted, and suggests mitigation strategies in the local context. It is hoped that this will assist both the environmental consultants involved in the EIA process and the competent authorities who issue development licences, to the benefit of the remaining native biodiversity of the area.
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
United Arab Emirates
UAE
mitigation
environmental impact assessment
biodiversity
conservation
translocation
Urbanisation in the United Arab Emirates: The challenges for ecological mitigation in a rapidly developing country
Review Article
10.3897/biorisk.3.12
2009-12-28
biorisk
Centre for Environmental Stewardship and Conservation, Ottawa, Canada
author
Rubec, Clayton
Nature Iraq, Sulaiamani, Iraq
author
Alwash, Azzam
Nature Iraq, Iraq
author
Bachmann, Anna
2009-12-28
2009-12-28
2009
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
3
39-53
2009
10.3897/biorisk.3.12
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1829/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1829/download/pdf/
Nature Iraq conducted biological surveys throughout Iraq during the 2004 to 2008 period under the Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA) Project. This continuing initiative comprises the largest and most comprehensive biological surveys to take place in Iraq in well over 25 years. Under the KBA Project in Iraq, Nature Iraq in cooperation with the Iraqi Ministry of Environment, has visited over one hundred sites in southern Iraq and in Kurdistan in northern Iraq to survey plants, fish, reptile, bird and mammal species. In addition, water quality physical parameters, sediment, plankton and benthic invertebrates were examined at these sites to determine the overall health of key habitat areas. Birds have been a primary focus of the surveys. This has involved the collection of data on these potential sites of key biological diversity including the identification of species, population counts and information on how species are using a site (e.g. breeding, feeding, migration, etc.). This paper provides an overview of this continuing project that will, over time, permit the refinement of data and the survey of more of Iraq as security improves within the country. The paper also summarizes current recommendations for the management of some of the KBA sites in Iraq.
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en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Key Biodiversity Areas
biodiversity surveys
Kurdistan
southern Iraq
The Key Biodiversity Areas Project in Iraq: Objectives and scope 2004-2008
Review Article
10.3897/biorisk.3.19
2009-12-28
biorisk
Nature Iraq, Sulaimani, Iraq
author
Abdulhasan, Nabeel
2009-12-28
2009-12-28
2009
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
3
55-68
2009
10.3897/biorisk.3.19
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1830/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1830/download/pdf/
New ecological surveys in support of the creation of the proposed Iraqi Marshlands National Park were undertaken by Nature Iraq in June 2008 at the Central Marshes in southern Iraq. Surveys that occurred in two focal areas - Al Chibaish Marsh (10 sites) and Abu Zirig Marsh (two sites) - were supported by a preliminary land cover survey in November 2007. Satellite images from 2007 for the Central Marshes were acquired to support creation of maps. The Iraqi Marshlands Habitat Classiffcation System based on vegetation types has been developed to inventory habitats in these marshlands and to develop a methodology for application elsewhere in Iraq. Six habitat classes (inland running water, river or canal; inland standing water; marsh vegetation; desert; woodlands; and herbaceous vegetation) are included in this classification system, each of which is divided into several subclasses. The dominant habitat subclasses in the Central Marshes study area are: (1) rooted submerged vegetation, (2) helophytic vegetation (reed bed or reed mace bed), (3) free-floating vegetation, (4) terrestrial vegetation-shrub, (5) unvegetated river or canal, (6) unvegetated desert, and (7) flooded communities. This paper constitutes a review of the progress in developing this habitat classification system that remains under development.
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Pensoft Publishers
Habitat mapping
Iraqi marshlands
marshland restoration
Habitat mapping project of the proposed Iraqi Marshlands National Park area
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.3.29
2009-12-28
biorisk
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
author
Oren, Aharon
Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
author
Ionescu, Danny
The German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan
author
Hindiyeh, Muna
Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
author
Malkawi, Hanan
2009-12-28
2009-12-28
2009
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
3
69-82
2009
10.3897/biorisk.3.29
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1831/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1831/download/pdf/
The freshwater thermal springs of Zerka Ma'in, located in Jordan in the mountains of Moab east of the Dead Sea, are densely inhabited by cyanobacteria up to the highest temperature of 63°C. We have investigated the cyanobacterial diversity of these springs and their outflow channels by microscopic examination, culture-dependent and culture-independent phylogenetic analysis, and by physiological studies of selected isolates of special interest. Both unicellular and filamentous types of cyanobacteria are present, and we identified morphological types such as Thermosynechococcus, Chroogloeocystis, Fischerella (Mastigocladus), Scytonema (occurring as large masses at lower temperatures), and others. Although morphologically similar cyanobacteria have been identified in hot springs world-wide, the Zerka Main strains were phylogenetically distinct based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Considerable diversity was detected also in the gene sequences of nifH (nitrogenase reductase), encoding one of the key enzymes involved in nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen fixation in a Mastigocladus isolate obtained from the springs was investigated in further depth. The heterocystous strain could fix nitrogen (as assayed by acetylene reduction) at tem peratures up to 53°C.
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en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Cyanobacteria
Jordan
Zerka Ma’in
thermophilic cyanobacteria
biodiversity
16S rRNA phylogeny
nitrogen fixation
Morphological, phylogenetic and physiological diversity of cyanobacteria in the hot springs of Zerka Ma
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.3.8
2009-12-28
biorisk
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait, Kuwait
author
Polikarpov, Igor
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait, Kuwait
author
Al-Yamani, Faiza
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Sevastopol, Ukraine
author
Saburova, Maria
2009-12-28
2009-12-28
2009
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
3
86-96
2009
10.3897/biorisk.3.8
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1832/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1832/download/pdf/
Studies of the phytoplankton community were conducted in the north-western Arabian Gulf in 2005 and 2006. Seven stations throughout Kuwaits waters were sampled. The influence of nutrient-rich freshwaters from the Shatt al-Arab resulted in high phytoplankton productivity characterized by high species diversity with a strong dominance of diatoms, especially in northern Kuwait. Phytoplankton species richness gradually increased from north to south. Spatial distribution of both total abundance and biomass of phytoplankton indicated significant differences in species structure and size spectrum of the microalgae. The analysis of the temporal and spatial phytoplankton variability (distribution of total abundance and biomass, similarity of species compositions and local community structure) indicated that Kuwaits northern waters differed from areas further south in terms of phytoplankton structure and temporal and spatial variability. Environmental heterogeneity is mainly attributed to the influence of the Shatt al-Arab system, which affects the temporal and spatial variability of the phytoplankton community.
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Pensoft Publishers
Phytoplankton
diversity
Arabian (Persian) Gulf
Kuwait
Space-time variability of phytoplankton structure and diversity in the north-western part of the Arabian Gulf (Kuwait)
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.3.16
2009-12-28
biorisk
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Sevastopol, Ukraine
author
Saburova, Maria
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait, Kuwait
author
Al-Yamani, Faiza
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait, Kuwait
author
Polikarpov, Igor
2009-12-28
2009-12-28
2009
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
3
97-110
2009
10.3897/biorisk.3.16
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1833/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1833/download/pdf/
Taxonomic data of free-living benthic flagellates in Kuwaits intertidal sediments are summarized. A full list of the species composition is presented, including distribution on different sediment types, species occurrence and light micrographs for each taxon identified. A total of 67 flagellate species were identified, representing six classes. Most of them are reported from Kuwait for the first time. The most abundant and diverse species were sand-dwelling dinoflagellates (43 taxa).
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Pensoft Publishers
Benthic flagellates
intertidal sediments
Kuwait
Biodiversity of free-living flagellates in Kuwait’s intertidal sediments
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.3.20
2009-12-28
biorisk
Nature Iraq, Sulaimani, Iraq
author
Al-Obaidi, Ghasak
Nature Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
author
Salman, Suad
Centre for Environmental Stewardship and Conservation, Ottawa, Canada
author
Rubec, Clayton
2009-12-28
2009-12-28
2009
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
3
111-126
2009
10.3897/biorisk.3.20
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1834/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1834/download/pdf/
Between the summers of 2005 and 2007, studies have been conducted for five seasons in several marsh locations in southern Iraq. During five surveys, 317 taxa of phytoplankton belonging to six major groups were identified. These included: 204 taxa of Bacillariophyceae (represented by 13 Centrales and 191 Pennales, thus 14% and 27% respectively of all taxa recorded), 59 Chlorophyta (28%), one Cryptophyta (4%), 39 Cyanophyta (21%), 10 Euglenophyta (2%) and four Pyrrophyta (4% of all the taxa recorded). The Central Marsh, Hammar Marsh and the Hawizeh Marsh had higher phytoplankton populations compared to all other studied sites. The dominant phytoplankton groups throughout the study area were the Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta. The dominant species were Cyclotella meneghiniana, Kirchneriella irregularis and Nitzschia palea. A progression in the richness and biodiversity of species occurred during winter. These three phytoplankton groups were dominant in waters of southern Iraq and were responsible for most of the species richness and diversity observed. Generally, sites changed from summer to winter according to the changing conditions associated with nutrients, salinity, temperature, and light intensity. These controlling factors influenced phytoplankton biomass from season to season.
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Pensoft Publishers
Phytoplankton
Iraq
marshlands
Key Biodiversity Areas: Rapid assessment of phytoplankton in the Mesopotamian Marshlands of southern Iraq
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.3.25
2009-12-28
biorisk
author
Temina, Marina
University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
author
Nevo, Eviatar
2009-12-28
2009-12-28
2009
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
3
127-136
2009
10.3897/biorisk.3.25
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1835/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1835/download/pdf/
The biota of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi of different plant-geographical regions of Israel was analyzed. These areas differ in climatic conditions. A total of 350 species from 16 orders, 52 families, and 117 genera were recorded; among them 5% are endemic to the Levant. The highest species richness was found in the Mediterranean area. Species diversity of other areas with more arid climatic conditions were much poorer in comparison with species diversity found in the more humid and cooler Mediterranean region. Saxicolous lichens were the most common species. However, in the Sudanian penetration area, terricolous lichens dominated. Among phytogeographic elements, temperate species were dominant. However, the Sudanian penetration area was characterized by the dominance of Mediterranean and subcontinental species. Most of the lichens studied were xerophytic and photophytic species. They dominated all plant-geographical areas of Israel. In the Mediterranean region, mesophytic lichens were also common.
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Pensoft Publishers
Ecology of lichens
lichen diversity
Israel
species composition
Lichens of Israel: diversity, ecology, and distribution
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.3.5
2009-12-28
biorisk
Ben Gurion University,
author
Volis, Sergei
Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Israel
author
Blecher, Michael
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv,
author
Sapir, Yuval
2009-12-28
2009-12-28
2009
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
3
137-160
2009
10.3897/biorisk.3.5
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1836/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1836/download/pdf/
We introduce a novel approach for conservation of endangered plant species in which ex situ collections maintained in natural or semi-natural environment are a part of a complementary ex situ in situ conservation strategy. We provide detailed guidelines for 1) representative sampling of the populations; 2) collection maintenance; and 3) utilization for in situ actions. Our approach is the first that explicitly takes into account ecologically significant (i.e. adaptive) variation of plants in both ex situ and in situ conservation actions. We propose that an important part of the conservation strategy is preserving both neutral and adaptive genetic diversity through a quasi in situ conservation approach. Finally, we demonstrate this approach using a critically endangered plant species, Iris atrofusca from the northern Negev, Israel.
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Pensoft Publishers
In situ
ex situ
conservation strategy
relocation
translocation
local adaptation
Complex ex situ - in situ approach for conservation of endangered plant species and its application to Iris atrofusca of the Northern Negev
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.3.15
2009-12-28
biorisk
University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
author
Abed, Ibrahim
Centre for Environmental Stewardship and Conservation, Ottawa, Canada
author
Rubec, Clayton
Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada
author
Coad, Brian
2009-12-28
2009-12-28
2009
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
3
161-171
2009
10.3897/biorisk.3.15
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1837/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1837/download/pdf/
Surveys of fish in the southern marshes of Iraq are an integral component of the Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA) Project that was initiated in 2005 by Nature Iraq. This included sampling in the January to February and June periods of 2005, 2006 and 2007. Fish species occurrence, relative abundance, and weight and length were recorded. Species of importance for local consumption were noted. An initial project report included details and photographs of the species observed in 2005. Records based on interviews with local residents are noted. Sixteen Species of Special Concern are proposed, considering both economic and ecological factors that may be relevant to a future national fish management strategy in Iraq.
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en_US
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Key biodiversity areas
inland water fish
Iraq
Key Biodiversity Areas: Rapid assessment of fish fauna in southern Iraq
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.3.11
2009-12-28
biorisk
University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
author
Hussain, Najah
University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
author
Mohamed, Abdul-Razak
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2879-9566
University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
author
Al Noor, Sajed
University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
author
Mutlak, Falah
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-3992
University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
author
Abed, Ibrahim
Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada
author
Coad, Brian
2009-12-28
2009-12-28
2009
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
3
173-186
2009
10.3897/biorisk.3.11
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1838/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1838/download/pdf/
The aim of the present study is to determine the species composition, the structure of the fish assemblages, and to develop ecological indices in the restored east Al-Hammar Marsh. Fish were collected from October 2005 to September 2006 at two stations (Mansoury and Burkah). Fish samples contained freshwater species, both native and alien, and marine species. Thirty-one species were collected, eleven of them marine, the rest freshwater. Native species numbered 14 (45%), alien species 6 (19%) and marine species 11 (36%). Resident species formed 32.2%, seasonal species 16.0% and occasional species 51.6% of the fauna. The abundance of species varied, Liza abu being the most dominant species, with Carassius auratus ranking second and Acanthobrama marmid ranking third, comprising 35.8%, 23.6% and 10.6% respectively. Ecological indices were as follows: diversity ranged from 1.07 in November to 2.01 in July, richness ranged from 0.74 in December to 2.83 in July, and evenness ranged from 0.48 in November to 0.84 in December. The highest monthly similarity was in May at 77% and lowest in December at 29%. Water temperature showed medium correlations (0.62 and 0.58) with both the number of species and the total catch, respectively, while salinity exhibited weak positive correlations (0.05 and 0.26) with both the number and the total catch of species, respectively. Temperature is related to species number, presumably as a surrogate for many other seasonal changes.
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Species composition
fish assemblage
ecological indices
tidal marsh diversity
Mesopotamian marshes
alien species
Iraq
Structure and ecological indices of the fish assemblage of the recently restored Al-Hammar Marsh, southern Iraq
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.3.21
2009-12-28
biorisk
Nature Iraq, Iraq
author
Ararat, Korsh
2009-12-28
2009-12-28
2009
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
3
187-203
2009
10.3897/biorisk.3.21
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1839/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1839/download/pdf/
Bird surveys to help identify and assess Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) were undertaken in Kurdistan in the winter and summer of 2008. The winter survey was from 19 January to 8 February and the summer survey from 7 May to 16 June, a total of 45 days. During these periods a total of 34 sites were surveyed in the North Iraq governorates of Sulaimani, Erbil, and Dohuk and 185 species of birds recorded. Of these, according to IUCN criteria, one species was globally endangered, three vulnerable and two near threat- ened. In addition, 32 species were considered to be of conservation concern in Iraq, based on a system developed by Richard Porter. Of the species observed, 124 were confirmed or probable breeding, whilst 59 were winter visitors. The KBA selection process used the Middle East Important Bird Areas (IBAs) criteria, which considers seven species-based categories.
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en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Key Biodiversity Areas
birds
Kurdistan
Iraq
Key Biodiversity Areas: Rapid assessment of birds in Kurdistan, northern Iraq
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.3.14
2009-12-28
biorisk
Nature Iraq, Sulaimani, Iraq
author
Salim, Mudhafar
BirdLife International, Cambridge, United Kingdom
author
Porter, Richard
Centre for Environmental Stewardship and Conservation, Ottawa, Canada
author
Rubec, Clayton
2009-12-28
2009-12-28
2009
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
3
205-219
2009
10.3897/biorisk.3.14
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1840/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1840/download/pdf/
The marshlands of Lower Mesopotamia witnessed severe draining programs during late 1980s and early 2000s, which turned vast areas of the former water body into desert areas. New field surveys of birds and their habitats in the marshes of southern Iraq were launched in 2005 through a national and international partnership of non-government organizations, ministries and donor agencies. This has resulted in the collection and collation of new data on the status, distribution and habitat requirements of birds and other biota in Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) in Iraq from 2005 to 2008. This paper summarizes the bird data obtained in these surveys in the southern marshes, during which 159 species of birds were recorded; of these 34 are considered to be of conservation concern, including eight that are globally threatened.
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en_US
Pensoft Publishers
KBA
Iraq
birds
A summary of birds recorded in the marshes of southern Iraq, 2005-2008
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.41
2010-07-06
biorisk
The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
author
Hulme, Philip
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5712-0474
Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, United Kingdom
author
Roy, David
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5147-0331
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
1-3
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.41
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1841/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1841/download/pdf/
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
DAISIE and arthropod invasions in Europe
Editorial
10.3897/biorisk.4.43
2010-07-06
biorisk
Community Ecology, University of Bern, Bern, Bern, Switzerland
author
Nentwig, Wolfgang
Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
author
Josefsson, Melanie
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
5-9
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.43
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1842/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1842/download/pdf/
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Introduction. Chapter 1
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.70
2010-07-06
biorisk
INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, Orléans, France
author
Roques, Alain
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-3918
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
11-26
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.70
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1843/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1843/download/pdf/
A total of 1590 species of arthropods alien to Europe have already established on the continent, including 226 more or less cosmopolitan species of uncertain origin (cryptogenic). These alien species are dispersed across 33 taxonomic orders, including crustaceans, chilopods, diplopods, pauropods, Symphyla, mites, arachnids, and insects. However, insects largely dominate, accounting for more than 87% of the species, far in excess of mites (6.4%). Three of the insect orders, namely Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera, overall account for nearly 65 % of the total. The alien fauna seems to be highly diverse with a total of 257 families involved, of which 30 have no native representatives. However, just 11 families contribute more than 30 species, mainly aphids, scales and hymenopteran chalcids. For a number of families, the arrival of alien species has significantly modified the composition of the fauna in Europe. Examples are given. The number of new records of aliens per year has increased exponentially since the 16th century, but a significant acceleration was observed since the second half of the 20th century, with an average of 19.6 alien species newly reported per year in Europe between 2000 and 2008. This acceleration appears to be mainly related to the arrival of phytophagous species, probably with the plant trade, whereas the contribution of detritivores, parasitoids and predators has decreased. Some taxa have not shown any acceleration in the rate of arrivals. Asia has supplied the largest number of alien arthropods occurring in Europe (26.7 %), followed by North America (21.9%) but large differences in the region of origin are apparent between taxa. Once established, most alien species have not spread throughout Europe, at least yet, with 43.6 % of the species only present in one or two countries, and less than 1% present in more than 40 countries. Large differences also exist between European countries in the total number of alien arthropods recorded per country. Italy (700 species) and France (690 species), followed by Great Britain (533 species), host many more species than other countries. The number of alien species per country is significantly correlated with socioeconomic and demographic variables.
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aliens
arthropods
Europe
globalization
taxonomy
Asia
drivers of biological invasion
Taxonomy, time and geographic patterns. Chapter 2
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.60
2010-07-06
biorisk
Environment Agency Austria, Dept. Biodiversity & Nature Conservation, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
author
Rabitsch, Wolfgang
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
27-43
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.60
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1844/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1844/download/pdf/
This chapter reviews the pathways and vectors of the terrestrial alien arthropod species in Europe according to the DAISIE-database. The majority of species (1341 spp., 86%) were introduced unintentionally, whereas 218 species (14%) were introduced intentionally, almost all of these for biological control purposes. The horticultural/ornamental-pathway is by far the most important (468 spp., 29%), followed by unintentional escapees (e.g., from greenhouses, 204 spp., 13%), stored product pests (201 spp., 12%), stowaways (95 spp., 6%), forest and crop pests (90 spp. and 70 spp., 6% and 4%). For 431 species (27%), the pathway is unknown. The unaided pathway, describing leading-edge dispersal of an alien species to a new region from a donor region where it is also alien, is expected to be common for arthropods in continental Europe, although not precisely documented in the data. Selected examples are given for each pathway. The spatiotemporal signal in the relevance of pathways and vectors and implications for alien species management and policy options are also discussed. Identifying and tackling pathways is considered an important component of any strategy to reduce propagule pressure of the often small and unintentionally translocated, mega-diverse arthropods. This requires coordination and clear responsibilities for all sectors involved in policy development and for all associated stake-holders.
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en_US
Pensoft Publishers
alien species
non-native species
pathways
vectors
Europe
Pathways and vectors of alien arthropods in Europe. Chapter 3
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.66
2010-07-06
biorisk
INRA UR633 Zoologie Forestiere, Orleans, Orleans, France
author
Lopez Vaamonde, Carlos
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2278-2368
University of Belgrade, Belgrade,
author
Glavendekic, Milka
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1219-8897
Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
author
Rosa Paiva, Maria
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
46-50
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.66
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1845/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1845/download/pdf/
More than 65% (1040 species) of arthropod species alien to Europe are associated with human-made habitats, especially parks and gardens, human settlements and agricultural lands, whereas woodlands are yet colonized by less than 20% of the alien fauna, which still has a negligible representation in the other natural and semi-natural habitats. Large differences in habitat affinity are observed between alien taxonomic groups. Phytophagous species are predominant among aliens, representing 47.2% of species alien to Europe.
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Pensoft Publishers
alien
arthropod
habitat
Europe
level of invasion
urban
semi-urban
Invaded habitats. Chapter 4
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.42
2010-07-06
biorisk
CABI Europe-Switzerland, Delémont, Switzerland
author
Kenis, Marc
https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3179-0872
Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
author
Branco, Manuela
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
51-71
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.42
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1846/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1846/download/pdf/
This chapter reviews the effects of alien terrestrial arthropods on the economy, society and environment in Europe. Many alien insect and mite species cause serious socio-economic hazards as pests of agriculture, horticulture, stored products and forestry. They may also affect human or animal health. Interestingly, there is relatively little information available on the exact yield and financial losses due to alien agricultural and forestry pests in Europe, particularly at continental scale. Several alien species may have a positive impact on the economy, for example parasitoids and predators introduced for the biological control of important pests. Invasive alien arthropods can also cause environmental hazards. They may affect native biodiversity through various mechanisms, including herbivory, predation, parasitism, competition for resource and space, or as vectors of diseases. They can also affect ecosystem services and processes through cascading effects. However, these ecological impacts are poorly studied, particularly in Europe, where only a handful cases have been reported.
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en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Biological invasions
economic impact
environmental impact
alien arthropods
Impact of alien terrestrial arthropods in Europe. Chapter 5
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.67
2010-07-06
biorisk
INRA - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
author
Rasplus, Jean-Yves
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
73-80
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.67
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1847/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1847/download/pdf/
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Future trends. Chapter 6
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.54
2010-07-06
biorisk
Toulouse, France
author
Cochard, Pierre-Olivier
University of Helsinki, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, Helsinki, Finland
author
Vilisics, Ferenc
Cheffes, France
author
Sechet, Emmanuel
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
81-96
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.54
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1848/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1848/download/pdf/
A total of 17 terrestrial crustacean species aliens to Europe of which 13 isopods (woodlice) and 4 amphipods (lawn shrimps) have established on the continent. In addition, 21 species native to Europe were introduced in a European region to which they are not native. The establishment of alien crustacean species in Europe slowly increased during the 20th century without any marked changes during the recent decades. Almost all species alien to Europe originate from sub-tropical or tropical areas. Most of the initial introductions were recorded in greenhouses, botanical gardens and urban parks, probably associated with passive transport of soil, plants or compost. Alien woodlice are still confined to urban habitats. Natural habitats have only been colonized by three amphipod species in the family Talitridade.
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Pensoft Publishers
Woodlice
lawnshrimps
Europe
alien
Alien terrestrial crustaceans (Isopods and Amphipods). Chapter 7.1
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.51
2010-07-06
biorisk
National Museum of Natural History and Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria
author
Stoev, Pavel
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5702-5677
Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
author
Zapparoli, Marzio
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
author
Golovatch, Sergei
University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
author
Enghoff, Henrik
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2764-8750
Natural History Museum of Denmark (Zoological Museum), Denmark
author
Akkari, Nesrine
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5019-4833
Ivybridge, United Kingdom
author
Barber, Anthony
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
97-130
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.51
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1849/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1849/download/pdf/
Alien myriapods in Europe have never been subject to a comprehensive review. Currently, 40 species belonging to 23 families and 11 orders can be regarded as alien to Europe, which accounts approximately for about 1.8% of all species known on the continent. Millipedes (Class Diplopoda) are represented by 20 alien species, followed by centipedes (Class Chilopoda) with 16, symphylans with 3 and pauropods with only 1. In addition there are numerous cases of continental species introduced to the Atlantic and Mediterra
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Diplopoda
Chilopoda
Symphyla
Pauropoda
Europe
alien
invasions
intercepted species
biogeographical patterns
Myriapods (Myriapoda). Chapter 7.2
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.48
2010-07-06
biorisk
Community Ecology, University of Bern, Bern, Bern, Switzerland
author
Nentwig, Wolfgang
Community Ecology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
author
Kobelt, Manuel
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
131-147
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.48
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1850/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1850/download/pdf/
A total of 47 spider species are alien to Europe; this corresponds to 1.3 % of the native spider fauna. They belong to (in order of decreasing abundance) Theridiidae (10 species), Pholcidae (7 species), Sparassidae, Salticidae, Linyphiidae, Oonopidae (4-5 species each) and 11 further families. There is a remarkable increase of new records in the last years and the arrival of one new species for Europe per year has been predicted for the next decades. One third of alien spiders have an Asian origin, one fifth comes from North America and Africa each. 45 % of species may originate from temperate habitats and 55 % from tropical habitats. In the past banana or other fruit shipments were an important pathway of introduction; today potted plants and probably container shipments in general are more important. Most alien spiders established in and around human buildings, only few species established in natural sites. No environmental impact of alien species is known so far, but some alien species are theoretically dangerous to humans.
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Pensoft Publishers
Buildings
urban area
greenhouse
pathways
venomous spiders
Europe
alien
Spiders (Araneae). Chapter 7.3
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.58
2010-07-06
biorisk
INRA, Centre de Biologie et Gestion des Populations, Montferrier sur Lez, France
author
Navajas, Maria
INRA, Centre de Biologie et Génétique des populations, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
author
Migeon, Alain
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4041-5158
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Zaragoza, Spain
author
Estrada-Peña, Agustin
Université catholique de Louvain, Unité d'écologie et de biogéographie, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
author
Mailleux, Anne-Catherine
Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
author
Servigne, Pablo
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade-Zemun,
author
Petanović, Radmila
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
149-192
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.58
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1851/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1851/download/pdf/
The inventory of the alien Acari of Europe includes 96 species alien to Europe and 5 cryptogenic species. Among the alien species, 87 are mites and 9 tick species. Besides ticks which are obligate ectoparasites, 14 mite species belong to the parasitic/predator regime. Among these species, some invaded Europe with rodents (8 spp.) and others are parasitic to birds (2 spp). The remaining 77 mite species are all phytophagous and among these 40% belong to the Eriophyidae (37 spp.) and 29% to the Tetranychidae (27 spp.) families. These two families include the most significant agricultural pest. The rate of introductions has exponentially increased within the 20th century, the amplification of plant trade and agricultural commodities movements being the major invasion pathways. Most of the alien mite species (52%) are from North America, Asia (25%), and Central and South America (10%). Half of the ticks (4 spp.) alien to Europe originated from Africa. Most of the mite species are inconspicuous and data regarding invasive species and distribution range is only partially available. More research is needed for a better understanding of the ecological and economic effects of introduced Acari.
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Europe
alien
mite
tick
Acari
Eriophyidae
Tetranychidae
biological control
Tetranychus evansi
Oligonychus perseae
Polyphagotarsonemus latus
Brevipalpus californicus
Aceria sheldoni
Aculops pelekassi
Dermatophagoides evansi
Varroa destructor
Mites and ticks (Acari). Chapter 7.4
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.56
2010-07-06
biorisk
INRA UMR Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations, Montférrier-sur Lez, France
author
Cocquempot, Christian
Swedish university of agricultural sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
author
Lindelöw, Åke
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
193-218
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.56
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1852/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1852/download/pdf/
A total of 19 alien longhorn beetle species have established in Europe where they presently account for ca. 2.8 % of the total cerambycid fauna. Most species belong to the subfamilies Cerambycinae and Laminae which are prevalent in the native fauna as well. The alien species mainly established during the period 1975-1999, arriving predominantly from Asia. France, Spain and Italy are by far the most invaded countries. All species have been introduced accidentally. Wood-derived products such as wood- packaging material and palettes, plants for planting, and bonsais constitute invasive pathways of increasing importance. However, only few species have yet colonized natural habitats outside parks and gardens. Present ecological and economical impacts, and future trends are discussed.
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Cerambycidae
Europe
Introductions
Establishments
Biogeographical origins
Pathways
Impacts
Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Chapter 8.1
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.64
2010-07-06
biorisk
INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France
author
Sauvard, Daniel
Technical University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
author
Branco, Manuela
University of West-Hungary, Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, Sopron, Hungary
author
Lakatos, Ferenc
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6718-6178
Agripolis, Department of Environmental Agronomy and Crop Sciences, Legnaro, Italy
author
Faccoli, Massimo
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9355-0516
University of Bergen, Biology Institute, Bergen, Norway
author
Kirkendall, Lawrence
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
219-266
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.64
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1853/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1853/download/pdf/
We record 201 alien curculionoids established in Europe, of which 72 originates from outside Europe. Aliens to Europe belong to five families, but four-fifth of them are from family Curculionidae. Many families and subfamilies, among which species-rich ones, have few representatives among alien curculionoids, whereas some others are over-represented; these latter, Dryophthoridae, Cossoninae and specially Scolytinae, all contains many xylophagous species. The number of new records of alien species increases continuously, with an acceleration during the last decades. Aliens to Europe originate from all parts of the world, but mainly Asia; few alien curculionoids originate from Africa. Italy and France host the largest number of alien to Europe. The number of aliens per country decreases eastwards, but is mainly correlated with importations amount and, secondary, with warm climates. All alien curculionoids have been introduced accidentally via international shipping. Wood and seed borers are specially liable to human-mediated dispersal due to their protected habitat. Alien curculionoids mainly attack stems, and half of them are xylophagous. The majority of alien curculionoids live in human-modified habitats, but many species live in forests and other natural or semi-natural habitats. Several species are pests, among which grain feeders as Sitophilus sp. are the most damaging.
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Pensoft Publishers
Europe
Coleoptera
Curculionoidea
Curculionidae
alien species
invasive species
xylophagy
seed feeder
Weevils and Bark Beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea). Chapter 8.2
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.52
2010-07-06
biorisk
ZP NIEUWEGEIN, Netherlands
author
Beenen, Ron
INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, Orléans, France
author
Roques, Alain
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-3918
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
267-292
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.52
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1854/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1854/download/pdf/
The inventory of the leaf and seed beetles alien to Europe revealed a total of 25 species of which 14 seed beetles (bruchids) and 11 leaf beetles mostly belonging to the subfamilies Alticinae and Chrysomelinae. At present, aliens account for 9.4% of the total fauna of seed beetles in Europe whereas this percentage is less than 1% for leaf beetles. Whilst seed beetles dominated the introductions in Europe until 1950, there has been an exponential increase in the rate of arrival of leaf beetles since then. New leaf beetles arrived at an average rate of 0.6 species per year during the period 20002009. Most alien species originated from Asia but this pattern is mainly due to seed beetles of which a half are of Asian origin whereas leaf beetles predominantly originated from North America (36.4%). Unlike other insect groups, a large number of alien species have colonized most of Europe. All but one species have been introduced accidentally with either the trade of beans or as contaminants of vegetal crops or stowaway. Most aliens presently concentrate in man-made habitats but little affect natural habitats (<6%). Highly negative economic impacts have been recorded on stored pulses of legumes and crops but very little is known about possible ecological impact.
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Coleoptera
Chrysomelidae
Bruchidae
seed beetle
leaf beetle
bioinvasion
alien
Europe
translocation
introduction
Leaf and Seed Beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Chapter 8.3
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.49
2010-07-06
biorisk
NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh, United Kingdom
author
Roy, Helen
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6050-679X
INRA, Centre de Biologie et Génétique des populations, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
author
Migeon, Alain
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4041-5158
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
293-313
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.49
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1855/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1855/download/pdf/
The majority of Coccinellidae are beneficial predators and they have received considerable research attention because of their potential as biological control agents. Indeed the role of coccinellids as predators of pest insects has been a major factor in the movement of coccinellids between countries. The commercial production of coccinellids by biological control companies and local producers led to a rapid increase in distribution thoughout the 1990s. To date, 13 alien coccinellid species have been documented in Europe; 11 of these are alien to Europe (two are alien to Great Britain and Sweden but native within Europe). The distribution of alien coccinellids in Europe mirrors the biogeographical distribution and patterns of introduction. Some species have dispersed widely; Harmonia axyridis has spread rapidly from countries where it was deliberately introduced to many others across Europe. The ecological and economic impacts of alien coccinellids are not well documented. In this chapter we provide an overview of the temporal and spatial patterns of alien coccinellids in Europe.
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Coccinellid
ladybird
alien
Europe
biological control agent
Harmonia axyridis
distribution patterns
Ladybeetles (Coccinellidae). Chapter 8.4
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.61
2010-07-06
biorisk
INRA - Centre de recherche d'Orleans, 45075 ORLEANS Cedex 2, France
author
Denux, Olivier
INRA – Centre de recherche de Versailles, Unité PISC, Versailles, France
author
Zagatti, Pierre
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
315-406
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.61
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1856/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1856/download/pdf/
Here we consider 274 alien Coleoptera species belonging to 41 of the 137 beetle families in Europe (Cerambycidae, Curculionidae sensu lato, Chrysomelidae sensu lato and Coccinelidae are treated separately elsewhere). Among the families we consider asinvaded the European fauna, Acanthocnemidae and Ptilodactylidae represent new arrivals. Many species-rich families have surprisingly few aliens, whereas some relatively minor families such as Dermestidae, Nitidulidae and Anobiidae have a relatively high representation of alien species. Since the start of the 19th century, the number of coleopteran aliens introduced into Europe has continued to increase. Alien species colonizing Europe derive from a wide range of geographic regions as well as ecozones, but the most important source area is Asia. The countries with the largest number of alien species established are France, Germany and Italy. The majority have been introduced accidentally via international transport mechanisms. The most important route for importation is stored products and crops, followed by transport of wood, then horticultural and ornamental plants. Most alien species in these families are found within anthropogenic habitats in Europe. The introduction of invasive alien beetles in these families has had significant economic impacts, particularly as pests of stored foodstuffs, as well as serious ecological impacts. For example, the buprestid species Agrilus planipennis, recently recorded in Russia, is an important potential economic threat which may also impact the biodiversity associated with ash trees.
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Europe
beetles
Dermestidae
Nitidulidae
Anobiidae
alien species
invasive species
stored products
pests
Coleoptera families other than Cerambycidae, Curculionidae sensu lato, Chrysomelidae sensu lato and Coccinelidae. Chapter 8.5
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.44
2010-07-06
biorisk
Environment Agency Austria, Dept. Biodiversity & Nature Conservation, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
author
Rabitsch, Wolfgang
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
407-433
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.44
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1857/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1857/download/pdf/
The inventory of the alien Heteroptera of Europe includes 16 species alien to Europe, 25 species alien in Europe and 7 cryptogenic species. This is approximately 1.7 % of the Heteroptera species occurring in Europe. Most species belong to Miridae (20 spp.), Tingidae (8 spp.), and Anthocoridae (7 spp.). The rate of introductions has exponentially increased within the 20th century and since 1990 an approximate arrival rate of seven species per decade has been observed. Most of the species alien to Europe are from North America, almost all of the species alien in Europe originate in the Mediterranean region and were translocated to central and northern Europe. Most alien Heteroptera species are known from Central and Western Europe (Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Great Britain). Ornamental trade and movement as stowaways with transport vehicles are the major pathways for alien Heteroptera. Most alien Heteroptera colonize habitats under strong human influence, like agricultural, horticultural, and domestic habitats, parks and gardens. A few species prefer woodland including plantations of non-native forest trees. Impacts of alien Heteroptera in Europe are poorly investigated. A few species are considered pests in agriculture, forestry, or on ornamentals. More research is needed for a better understanding of the ecological and economic effects of introduced Heteroptera.
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alien
non-native
Hemiptera
Heteroptera
Europe
True Bugs (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). Chapter 9.1
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.57
2010-07-06
biorisk
INRA Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (CBGP), Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
author
Coeur d’Acier, Armelle
University of Leon, León, Spain
author
Pérez-Hidalgo, Nicolás
University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
author
Petrović-Obradović, Olivera
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
435-474
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.57
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1858/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1858/download/pdf/
Our study aimed at providing a comprehensive list of Aphididae alien to Europe. A total of 98 species originating from other continents have established so far in Europe, to which we add 4 cosmopolitan species of uncertain origin (cryptogenic). The 102 alien species of Aphididae established in Europe belong to 12 different subfamilies, five of them contributing by more than 5 species to the alien fauna. Most alien aphids originate from temperate regions of the world. There was no significant variation in the geographic origin of the alien aphids over time. The average introduction rate was 0.5 species per year since 1800. The mean number of newly recorded species per year decreased since 2000 but this pattern may change in the following years.
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Pensoft Publishers
alien
Hemiptera
Aphid
Aphididae
Europe
Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae) Chapter 9.2
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.45
2010-07-06
biorisk
Università di Padova - Dipartimento Agronomia Ambientale e Produzioni Vegetali, Padova, Italy
author
Pellizzari, Giuseppina
Laboratoire National de la Protection des Végétaux, Station de Montpellier, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
author
Germain, Jean-François
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
475-510
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.45
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1859/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1859/download/pdf/
Scale insects are frequent invaders. With 129 established species, they numerically represent one of the major group of insects alien to Europe. Scales are usually small insects with wingless females. Due to this small size and concealment, many species, mainly belonging to the families Diaspididae, Pseudococcidae and Pseudococcidae, have been accidentally introduced to Europe, mostly originating from tropical regions and essentially from Asia. The trade of fruit trees and ornamentals appears to be the usual pathway of introduction. At present, alien scales represent an important component of the European entomofauna, accounting for about 30% of the total scale fauna.
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Pensoft Publishers
Europe
Alien
scale insects
Scales (Hemiptera, Superfamily Coccoidea). Chapter 9.3
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.63
2010-07-06
biorisk
University of Malta, Malta
author
Mifsud, David
INRA UMR Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations, Montférrier-sur Lez, France
author
Cocquempot, Christian
Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
author
Mühlethaler, Roland
National Museum Wales, Cardiff, Cardiff, United Kingdom
author
Wilson, Mike
Laboratoire national de la protection des végétaux, CBGP, Montferrier-sur Lez, France
author
Streito, Jean-Claude
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
511-552
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.63
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1860/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1860/download/pdf/
Apart from aphids and scales, 52 additional Sternorrhyncha hemipteran species alien to Europe have been identified within Aleyrodidae (27 whitefly species), Phylloxeroidea (9 adelgids, 2 phylloxerans) and Psylloidea (14 species of jumping plant-lice) in addition to 12 Auchenorrhyncha species (mostly Cicadellidae- 8 species). At present, the alien species represent 39% of the total whitefly fauna and 36% of the total adelgid fauna occuring in Europe. The proportion is insignificant in the other groups. The arrival of alien phylloxerans and adelgids appeared to peak during the first part of the 20th century. In contrast, the mean number of new records per year of alien aleyrodids, psylloids and Auchenorrhyncha increased regularly after the 1950s. For these three groups, an average of 0.50.6 new alien species has been recorded per year in Europe since 2000. The region of origin of the alien species largely differs between the different groups. Alien aleyrodids and psylloids mainly originated from tropical regions whilst the adelgids and phylloxerans came equally from North America and Asia. A major part of the alien Auchenorrhyncha originated from North American. Most of these alien species are presently observed in man-made habitats, especially in parks and gardens but alien adelgids are mainly observed in forests because of their association with conifer trees used for afforestation.
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alien
Europe
Adelgidae
Aleyrodidae
Cicadellidae
Psyllidae
Phylloxeridae
Auchenorrhyncha
Other Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha (Aleyrodidae, Phylloxeroidea, and Psylloidea) and Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha. Chapter 9.4
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.53
2010-07-06
biorisk
Unaffiliated, Praha, Czech Republic
author
Skuhravá, Marcela
INRA Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (CBGP), Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
author
Martinez, Michel
INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, Orléans, France
author
Roques, Alain
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-3918
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
553-602
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.53
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1861/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1861/download/pdf/
Of the 19,400 native species and 125 families forming the European diptera fauna, 98 species (less than 0.5%) in 22 families are alien to Europe. These aliens constitute 66 species (18 families) of the suborder Brachycera and 32 species (4 families) of the suborder Nematocera. By family in this category, there are 23 Cecidomyiidae species, 18 Drosophilidae, nine Phoridae, eight Tachinidae and seven Culicidae. Another 32 fly species belonging to five families are considered to be alien in Europe. These invasives native to other European countries are composed of 14 species of Cecidomyiidae, seven Syrphidae, five Culicidae and three species each of Anthomyiidae and Tephritidae. The date of the first record in Europe is known for 84 alien species. Arrivals of alien species of Diptera have accelerated rapidly since the second half of the 20th century. North America appears to be the dominant contributor of the alien flies. The majority of alien Diptera were introduced into or within Europe unintentionally, with only three predators released intentionally for biological control. Alien Diptera are predominantly phytophagous (35.6%), while a lesser portion are zoophagous (28.6%) or detrivorous/mycetophagous (29.6%). Ecological impacts on native fauna and flora have not been documented for any of the alien species established in Europe. However, 14 alien species have economic impacts on crops.
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Pensoft Publishers
alien
Europe
Diptera
Diptera. Chapter 10
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.50
2010-07-06
biorisk
INRA UR633 Zoologie Forestiere, Orleans, Orleans, France
author
Lopez Vaamonde, Carlos
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2278-2368
The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
author
Agassiz, David
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4300-8067
INRA UR633 Zoologie Forestiere, Orleans, France
author
Augustin, Sylvie
Leefdaal, Belgium
author
De Prins, Jurate
Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
author
De Prins, Willy
Kranj, Slovenia
author
Gomboc, Stanislav
Institute of Ecology, Vilnius, Lithuania
author
Ivinskis, Povilas
The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
author
Karsholt, Ole
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6969-2549
Volos, Greece
author
Koutroumpas, Athanasios
Volos, Greece
author
Koutroumpa, Fotini
Mendel University of Agriculture & Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic
author
Laštůvka, Zdeněk
Faculdade Ciencias Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
author
Marabuto, Eduardo
Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
author
Olivella, Elisenda
Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Krakow, Poland
author
Przybylowicz, Lukasz
INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, Orléans, France
author
Roques, Alain
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-3918
University of Gavle, Gavle, Sweden
author
Ryrholm, Nils
Mendel University of Agriculture & Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic
author
Sefrova, Hana
Nove Zamky, Slovakia
author
Sima, Peter
Syngenta International Research Centre, Bracknell, United Kingdom
author
Sims, Ian
Zoological Institute RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia
author
Sinev, Sergey
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2467-5403
Vekso, Denmark
author
Skulev, Bjarne
University of forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria
author
Tomov, Rumen
The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
author
Zilli, Alberto
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3416-8069
INRA UR633 Zoologie Forestiere, Orleans, France
author
Lees, David C.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7580-8560
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
603-668
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.50
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1862/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1862/download/pdf/
We provide a comprehensive overview of those Lepidopteran invasions to Europe that result from increasing globalisation and also review expansion of species within Europe. A total of 97 non-native Lepidoptera species (about 1% of the known fauna), in 20 families and 11 superfamilies have established so far in Europe, of which 30 alone are Pyraloidea. In addition, 88 European species in 25 families have expanded their range within Europe and around 23% of these are of Mediterranean or Balkan origin, invading the north and west. Although a number of these alien species have been in Europe for hundreds of years, 74% have established during the 20th century and arrivals are accelerating, with an average of 1.9 alien Lepidoptera newly established per year between 20002007. For 78 aliens with a known area of origin, Asia has contributed 28.9%, Africa (including Macaronesian islands, Canaries, Madeira and Azores) 21.6%, North America 16.5%, Australasia 7.2% and the neotropics just 5.2%. The route for almost all aliens to Europe is via importation of plants or plant products. Most alien Lepidoptera established in Europe are also confined to man-made habitats, with 52.5% occuring in parks and gardens. We highlight four species in particular, Diaphania perspectalis, Cacyreus marshalli, Cameraria ohridella and Paysandisia archon, as the most important current economic threats.
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biological invasion
introduction
pest species
Europe
Lepidoptera
globalisation
Lepidoptera. Chapter 11
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.55
2010-07-06
biorisk
INRA - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
author
Rasplus, Jean-Yves
Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
author
Villemant, Claire
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2466-5053
Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
author
Rosa Paiva, Maria
UMR Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations, Montferrier-sur Lez, France
author
Delvare, Gérard
INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, Orléans, France
author
Roques, Alain
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-3918
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
669-776
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.55
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1863/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1863/download/pdf/
We present the first review of Hymenoptera alien to Europe. Our study revealed that nearly 300 species of Hymenoptera belonging to 30 families have been introduced to Europe. In terms of alien species diversity within invertebrate orders, this result ranks Hymenoptera third following Coleoptera and Hemiptera. Two third of alien Hymenoptera are parasitoids or hyperparasitoids that were mostly introduced for biological control purposes. Only 35 phytophagous species, 47 predator species and 3 species of pollinators have been introduced. Six families of wasps (Aphelinidae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Braconidae, Torymidae, Pteromalidae) represent together with ants (Formicidae) about 80% of the alien Hymenoptera introduced to Europe. The three most diverse families are Aphelinidae (60 species representing 32% of the Aphelinid European fauna), Encyrtidae (55) and Formicidae (42) while the Chalcidoidea together represents 2/3 of the total Hymenoptera species introduced to Europe. The first two families are associated with mealybugs, a group that also included numerous aliens to Europe. In addition, they are numerous cases of Hymenoptera introduced from one part of Europe to another, especially from continental Europe to British Islands. These introductions mostly concerned phytophagous or gall-maker species (76 %), less frequently parasitoids. The number of new records of alien Hymenoptera per year has shown an exponential increase during the last 200 years. The number of alien species introduced by year reached a maximum of 5 species per year between 1975 and 2000. North America provided the greatest part of the hymenopteran species alien to Europe (96 species, 35.3%), followed by Asia (84 species, 30.9%) and Africa (49 species, 18%). Three Mediterranean countries (only continental parts) hosted the largest number of alien Hymenoptera: Italy (144 spp.), France (111 spp.) and Spain (90 spp.) but no correlation was found with the area of countries. Intentional introduction, mostly for biological control, has been the main pathway of introduction for Hymenoptera. Consequently, the most invaded habitats are agricultural and horticultural as well as greenhouses. To the contrary, Hymenoptera alien in Europe are mostly associated with woodland and forest habitats. Ecological and economic impacts of alien Hymenoptera have been poorly studied. Ants have probably displaced native species and this is also true for introduced parasitoids that are suspected to displace native parasitoids by competition, but reliable examples are still scarce. The cost of these impacts has never been estimated.
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Hymenoptera
alien
Europe
biological invasions
Hymenoptera. Chapter 12
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.59
2010-07-06
biorisk
Laboratoire national de la protection des végétaux, Angers, France
author
Reynaud, Philippe
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
767-791
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.59
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1864/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1864/download/pdf/
Thrips (Order Thysanoptera) are found worldwide and include almost 6000 species. Several of them are notorious for causing extensive crop damage (by feeding on leaf tissue or by vectoring viral disease). Their small size (usually less than 2 millimeters) and cryptic habits have facilited invasions and establishment in Europe in the wild or in greenhouses. Fifty-two alien species, belonging to four families have been recorded within Europe. Species introduced before 1950 mostly originate from America, tropical and subtropical areas and subsequent arrivals generally originate from Asia (and from America to some extent). Five countries host more than 30% of the European alien thrips fauna and two alien thrips occur in more than 50% of the countries and islands of Europe.
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Thysanoptera
thrips
alien
Europe
Thrips (Thysanoptera). Chapter 13.1
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.46
2010-07-06
biorisk
Luxemburg, Luxembourg
author
Schneider, Nico
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
793-805
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.46
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1865/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1865/download/pdf/
Among the 231 species of Psocoptera present in Europe, 49 (21.2%) are considered to be of alien origin. They include 29 exotic introduced species and 20 cryptogenic species. Most of the exotic species originated from tropical and subtropical areas, essentially from Africa. Many of them are food pests, moving along with stored products. Thirty-nine of these species occur in buildings in Europe.
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Psocoptera
psocids
domestic
stored products
alien
Europe
Psocids (Psocoptera). Chapter 13.2
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.68
2010-07-06
biorisk
INRA - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
author
Rasplus, Jean-Yves
INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, Orléans, France
author
Roques, Alain
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-3918
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
807-831
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.68
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1866/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1866/download/pdf/
For convenience, we treat all polyneopteran orders together. Five orders of hemimetabolous Polyneoptera include species alien to Europe, namely Blattodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera, Phasmatodea and Dermaptera. A total of 37 species alien to Europe have been recorded. These belong to 14 different families. Most of these species show a detritivorous feeding regime (22 spp.), whereas 12 species are phytophagous and two are predators. The majority of species were first observed between 1900 and 1975. Unlike other arthropod groups, the mean number of polyneopteran species newly recorded per year showed no acceleration since 1975. The alien Polyneoptera mostly originated from Central/South America and Asia (10 species each, 27.0%), followed by Africa (7, 18.9%). Germany hosts the largest number of alien Polyneoptera (15 spp.), followed by Denmark (14), Spain (11) and France (10). All but one alien species represent unintentional introductions. More than 75% of the species are associated with artificial habitats (houses, buildings and greenhouses) and cultivated areas. Blattodea and Isoptera have huge economic and/or medical importance. The cost of treatments and sanitary measures against termites and cockroaches, in particular, is significant in Europe.
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Alien
Orthoptera
grasshoppers
Blattodea
coackroaches
Isoptera
termites
Phasmatodea
walking sticks
Dermaptera
earwigs
Dictyoptera (Blattodea, Isoptera), Orthoptera, Phasmatodea and Dermaptera. Chapter 13.3
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.65
2010-07-06
biorisk
CABI Europe-Switzerland, Delémont, Switzerland
author
Kenis, Marc
https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3179-0872
INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, Orléans, France
author
Roques, Alain
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-3918
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
833-849
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.65
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1867/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1867/download/pdf/
A total of 31 Phthiraptera species alien to Europe are listed. They include 24 chewing lice and seven sucking lice of 12 different families. The families Goniodidae (Ischnocera) and Menoponidae (Amblycera) largely dominate the alien entomofauna of chewing lice. Asia is the major supplier of alien Phthiraptera which are mostly associated with poultry farming, game birds, guinea pigs and invasive alien mammals. The recent period did not show any acceleration in alien arrival in Europe. Alien fleas include six species in the families Pulicidae and Ceratophyllidae. Three of them are primarily associated with rats and are capable of transmiting major human diseases such as the bubonic plague and the murine typhus.
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Phthiraptera
lice
flea
Siphonaptera
alien
Europe
Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera). Chapter 13.4
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.47
2010-07-06
biorisk
University of Bern, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Bern, Switzerland
author
Zettel, Jürg
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
851-854
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.47
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1868/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1868/download/pdf/
The alien fauna of Apterygota is still limited in Europe. Springtails (Collembolla) alien to Europe include only three species to which add a cryptogenic one. Two nowadays cosmopolitan species of silverfishes may originate from Central America. The reasons of this limited colonisation of Europe are briefly discussed.
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Apterygota
Collembola
springtails
Zygentoma
silverfishes
Springtails and Silverfishes (Apterygota). Chapter 13.5
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.69
2010-07-06
biorisk
INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, Orléans, France
author
Roques, Alain
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-3918
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
855-1021
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.69
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1869/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1869/download/pdf/
Among the 1590 terrestrial arthropod species alien to Europe identified in this book, 78 were selected to produce specific factsheets in order to provide more information on their biology, distribution and impact. We included two more species which are alien in Europe, the horse-chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella) and the African cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) because of their importance.
These 80 species are perhaps not the most important alien invaders, but they are rather representatives of the main taxonomic groups of alien terrestrial arthropods. They were selected so as to represent different pathways of introduction and diverse impacts on ecosystems, economic activities and human and animal health. These species include two myriapods, one spider, one mite, 18 coleopterans, seven dipterans, 23 hemipterans, 10 hymenopterans, one termite, 14 lepidopterans, and three thrips. Each factsheet includes information on the following aspects:
Description and biological cycle: A brief description of adults and immature stages is given, whenever possible illustrated by a photograph, to help the reader identify the species. Further information details the general characteristics of the biological cycle in the invaded area, especially the species' potential to reproduce and the hosts it has colonized.
Native habitat: The factsheet includes the habitat type where the species is found in its native range. In order to make habitat types comparable among taxa, we adopted the classification of the European Nature Information System (EUNIS) database (http://eunis.eea.europa.eu). The habitat type codes are detailed in Appendix II. When information was available, we included specific habitat requirements which may help understand the potential of the species to establish and spread in Europe.
Habitat occupied in invaded range: The different habitats colonized by the alien species are described as for native habitats.
Native range: The native distribution of the species is described. For some species, there is very precise information available, but for others, only brief details of a region or even continent can be given.
Introduced range: The date of the first record in Europe and the location of this record is given, as well as details of the process of dispersion in the continent when available. A distribution map is supplied for all species. For most of them, presence/ absence data have been obtained only at country level, but for a few species, more detailed maps are given to show the distribution at regional scale. However, the missing occurrence of species from some countries does not always mean that these countries are not colonized, but may rather result from a lack of data for the country concerned. The map also indicates eradication records where relevant.
Pathways: We included information on the routes of introduction to Europe, and the potential of the species to disperse within the continent once it has established.
Impact and management: This section details the importance of the species' impacts in the colonized habitats. Both ecological and economical impacts are detailed when known. Practical advice where known is given regarding mechanical, chemical and biological control methods.
Selected references: Three of the most relevant references to the history of the species' introduction and spread in Europe are given.
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Pensoft Publishers
Introductory notes to factsheets. Chapter 14
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.4.71
2010-07-06
biorisk
INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, Orléans, France
author
Roques, Alain
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-3918
INRA UR633 Zoologie Forestiere, Orleans, France
author
Lees, David C.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7580-8560
2010-07-06
2010-07-06
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
4
1023-1028
2010
10.3897/biorisk.4.71
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1870/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1870/download/pdf/
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Abbreviations and glossary of technical terms used in the book
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.5.854
2010-12-30
biorisk
IUCN, Gland, Switzerland
author
McNeely, Jeffrey
2010-12-30
2010-12-30
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
5
1-2
2010
10.3897/biorisk.5.854
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1871/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1871/download/pdf/
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Climate Change
Odonata
Monitoring climate change with Dragonflies: Foreword
Editorial
10.3897/biorisk.5.856
2010-12-30
biorisk
UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
author
Settele, Josef
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8624-4983
Vermont Energy Investment Corporation, United States of America
author
Fanslow, Greg
Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
author
Fronzek, Stefan
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Germany
author
Klotz, Stefan
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
author
Kühn, Ingolf
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1691-8249
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Germany
author
Musche, Martin
L.U.P.O. GmbH, Trippstadt, Germany
author
Ott, Jürgen
University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
author
Samways, Michael
Germany
author
Schweiger, Oliver
Sustainable Europe Research Institute, Germany
author
Spangenberg, Joachim
University of Bayreuth, Germany
author
Walther, Gian-Reto
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Germany
author
Hammen, Volker
2010-12-30
2010-12-30
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
5
3-29
2010
10.3897/biorisk.5.856
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1872/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1872/download/pdf/
text/html
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Pensoft Publishers
Climate Change
Odonata
Climate change impacts on biodiversity: a short introduction with special emphasis on the ALARM approach for the assessment of multiple risks
Editorial
10.3897/biorisk.5.841
2010-12-30
biorisk
Essen, Germany
author
Conze, Klaus-Jürgen
Soest, Germany
author
Grönhagen, Nina
Höxter, Germany
author
Lohr, Mathias
Münster, Germany
author
Menke, Norbert
2010-12-30
2010-12-30
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
5
31-45
2010
10.3897/biorisk.5.841
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1873/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1873/download/pdf/
Since 1996 the “Workgroup Odonata in North Rhine-Westphalia” (“AK Libellen NRW”) has built up a data base including about 150.000 data sets concerning the occurrence of dragonflies in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW). This data confirms an increase and spread of some thermophilous dragonfly species in NRW, and the effects of climate change evidenced by an increasing average temperature, are considered to be important reasons for this process.
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dragonflies
climatic changes
North Rhine-Westfalia
monitoring
Trends in occurrence of thermophilous dragonfly species in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW)
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.5.842
2010-12-30
biorisk
Hamburg, Germany
author
Hoffmann, Joachim
2010-12-30
2010-12-30
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
5
47-72
2010
10.3897/biorisk.5.842
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1874/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1874/download/pdf/
For nine dragonfly species (five aeshnids and four libellulids) all previous and verifiable data are related to the vertical climate zones and nature regions of the western Peruvian Andes and the Peruvian Pacific coast. Climate changes due to the El Niño and La Niña phenomena, as well as the global climate change have an influence on the different natural regions and also restrict aquatic biotopes. These changes influence the dispersal and behavior of some dragonflies and concern also loss of habitats as well as alterations of biotic and abiotic factors at and in water.
However new waters and habitats also are formed in most nature regions. Specialists like Rhionaeschna peralta, a species of high mountain regions and the Puna, are not able to react to habitat losses by adaptation, while other species such as R. maita and R. marchali do colonize new habitats also in higher altitudes. While the here represented aeshnids change their distribution ranges within the vertical nature regions of the west Andes, this is suspected for three of the four libellulids (Orthemis ferruginea, O. discolor and Pantala flavescens) as latitudinally respectively longitudinally immigrations and expansions of their areals.
For all species discussed, a seasonally earlier flight beginning is detectable, but for no species an extension of their flight time.
Altogether, the above named three libellulid do react more flexibly and faster to the alterations by climate changes than the majority of the five aeshnid species.
The influence of increased UV-B and UV-A radiation possibly affects also the site occurrence of some species in high altitudes of the Andes.
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climate changes
dragonflies
effects
biodiversity
biogeography
Peru
Andes
Do climate changes influence dispersal and population dynamics of dragonflies in the western Peruvian Andes?
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.5.843
2010-12-30
biorisk
University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
author
Samways, Michael
2010-12-30
2010-12-30
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
5
73-84
2010
10.3897/biorisk.5.843
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1876/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1876/download/pdf/
The absence of ice sheets for many millions of years, yet variable topography and changing climate, has generated considerable biodiversity in South Africa. There is no evidence to date that anthropogenic climate change has affected odonate populations in the region. One reason is that the highly varying weather and climate constitutes considerable background noise against which any effects of modern climate change must be measured. Evidence is accumulating that the Holocene interglacial and gradual warming has left some species with isolated populations in montane areas among a matrix of arid land. Many South African odonate species are remarkably vagile and elevationally tolerant, readily immigrating into and emigrating from pools during wet and dry phases respectively. Some species take this movement to greater extremes by moving the southern margins of their geographical range back and forth with varying climate. After floods, populations of riverine odonates can recover within a year, although where the riparian corridor has been stripped of its trees, the recovery is very slow. Various synergistic impacts, particularly from invasive alien woody plants, area severe impact on many riverine species, and reducing their ability to respond positively to changing environmental conditions. Large-scale removal of these woody aliens is greatly benefiting the odonates’ ability to survive in the short-term and to restore natural corridors for movement in the face of possible future climatic changes.
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Climate change
extreme weather
dragonflies
South Africa
Impacts of extreme weather and climate change on South African dragonflies
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.5.844
2010-12-30
biorisk
University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
author
Samways, Michael
University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
author
Niba, Augustine
2010-12-30
2010-12-30
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
5
85-107
2010
10.3897/biorisk.5.844
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1877/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1877/download/pdf/
Elevation and climate are interrelated variables which have a profound affect on biota. Flying insects such as dragonflies can rapidly disperse and optimal habitat conditions at appropriate elevations. Such behaviour is likely to be especially important in geographical areas which are subject to major climatic events such as El Niño. Accordingly, we studied dragonflies and environmental variables in a series of reservoirs over an elevational range of 100–1350 m a.s.l. at the same latitude on the eastern seaboard of South Africa. The aim was to determine how elevation and climate (as regional processes), as well as local factors, influence species assemblage variability, habitat preference and phenology. Certain environmental variables strongly explained the main variation in species assemblage. These included local factors such as pH, marginal grasses, percentage shade, exposed rock, marginal forest and to a lesser extent, marshes and flow. Different species showed various tolerance levels to these variables. Elevation and climate as regional processes had very little influence on dragonfly assemblages in comparison with these environmental factors. These odonate species are essentially sub-tropical, and are similar to their tropical counterparts in that they have long flight periods with overlapping generations. Yet they also have temperate characteristics such as over-wintering mostly as larvae. These results indicate evolutionary adaptations from both temperate and tropical regions. Furthermore, most were also widespread and opportunistic habitat generalists. The national endemics Pseudagrion citricola and Africallagma sapphirinum only occurred at high elevations. However, the endemic Agriocnemis falcifera was throughout all elevations, suggesting regional endemism does not necessarily equate to elevational intolerance. Overall, the results suggest that many millennia of great climatic variation have led to a highly vagile and elevation-tolerant dragonfly assemblage which readily occupies new water bodies. Such an assemblage is likely to be highly tolerant of global climate change, so long as there is sufficient water to keep the reservoirs at a constant level.
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Pensoft Publishers
Climate
elevation
dragonflies
adaptations
South Africa
Climate and elevational range of a South African dragonfly assemblage
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.5.845
2010-12-30
biorisk
Observatoire de la Faune, de la Flore et des Habitats (OFFH), Gembloux, Belgium
author
Goffart, Philippe
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5495-3355
2010-12-30
2010-12-30
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
5
109-126
2010
10.3897/biorisk.5.845
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1878/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1878/download/pdf/
The occurrence of seven southern Odonata species has been watched in Wallonia over the last two decades (from 1981 to 2000). They have clearly expanded in the meantime and this pattern is still highly significant when the data are corrected for the increase of sampling efforts. Moreover, reproduction evidences have been collected recently (from 1993 onwards) for all these species and several settled and have now resident populations in Wallonia. In a second step, all present regular and irregular resident species of Wallonia were looked for change in range size and observation rate per visit between two six years periods of a survey and monitoring scheme, from 1989 to 2000. Analysis was achieved on grid cells visited at the right time at both periods, a procedure designed to neutralize the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of sampling. The comparison of results in relation to the distribution types of species and their habitat preferences show a significant global trend toward an increase for southern species during the investigated time interval, contrasting with other groups of species. If there is a tendency to rise for species preferring eutrophic still waters, this proves to be clearly due to the southern species sub-group, the other dragonflies of this habitat type showing a stable or even decreasing trend. Three distinct hypotheses are examined and discussed as possible explanations of the expansion pattern of southern species: (1) global warming, (2) change in aquatic habitats, especially eutrophication, and (3) intrinsic population dynamics. The rise of temperatures appears to be the main factor explaining the observed expansions.
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Pensoft Publishers
Odonata
range shift
climate change
aquatic habitat change
eutrophication
Belgium
Southern dragonflies expanding in Wallonia (south Belgium): a consequence of global warming?
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.5.846
2010-12-30
biorisk
Suffolk, United Kingdom
author
Parr, Adrian
2010-12-30
2010-12-30
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
5
127-139
2010
10.3897/biorisk.5.846
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1879/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1879/download/pdf/
The history of recording and monitoring of Odonata in Britain is briefly described. Results are then presented which suggest that the country’s Odonata fauna is currently in a period of flux, in a manner consistent with the actions of a high-level regulatory factor such as climate change. The ranges of many resident species are shifting. Leucorrhinia dubia has recently been lost from southern England, but many species are presently expanding their ranges to the north and west, some (such as Aeshna mixta and Anax imperator) with considerable speed. In addition to these changes, a number of ‘southern’ species have started to appear in Britain for the very first time. These include Lestes barbarus, Erythromma viridulum (which has now become a locally-common resident in southeast England), Anax parthenope and Crocothemis erythraea. In addition to these distributional changes, some recent trends in flight times are also discussed. Evidence indicates that many species are now emerging significantly earlier than in the past, though trends relating to the end of the flight period are less clear cut.
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Climate Change
Odonata
dragonflies
monitoring
distribution
range expansion
'Mediterranean species'
migration
phenology
emergence dates
Monitoring of Odonata in Britain and possible insights into climate change
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.5.855
2010-12-30
biorisk
Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Belgium
author
De Knijf, Geert
Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Belgium
author
Anselin, Anny
2010-12-30
2010-12-30
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
5
141-153
2010
10.3897/biorisk.5.855
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1880/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1880/download/pdf/
Since 1980, eight southern dragonfly species have been regularly recorded in Flanders. They show a significant increase in relative abundance, relative area as well as indications of reproduction since the beginning of the nineties, with peak occurrence mainly in the 1995–1999 period. Since 2000, numbers are lower but more species were simultaneously present. Three species, Lestes barbarus, Crocothemis erythraea and Sympetrum fonscolombii, show a combination of earlier arrival, earlier reproduction with a higher frequency and higher maximum ranges and can be considered asstable populations in Flanders. All other southern species show in general a later arrival, only one confirmed or probable reproduction and have much lower maximum ranges. Two other species, reaching their northern limit of distribution in Flanders, Erythromma viridulum and E. lindenii have clearly expanded their relative area since the eighties. Their relative abundance also increased although this shows more fluctuations.
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Odonata
dragonflies
range extension
Belgium
climate change
relative abundance
When south goes north: Mediterranean dragonflies (Odonata) conquer Flanders (North-Belgium)
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.5.847
2010-12-30
biorisk
Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Wageningen, Netherlands
author
Termaat, Tim
Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Netherlands
author
Kalkman, Vincent
Arnhem, Netherlands
author
Bouwman, Jaap
2010-12-30
2010-12-30
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
5
155-173
2010
10.3897/biorisk.5.847
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1881/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1881/download/pdf/
The trends of 60 Dutch dragonfly species were calculated for three different periods (1980–1993, 1994–1998 and 1999–2003). Comparing period 1 and period 3 shows that 39 of these species have increased, 16 have remained stable and 5 have decreased. These results show a revival of the Dutch dragonfly fauna, after decades of ongoing decline. The species were categorized in different species groups: species with a southern distribution range, species with a northern distribution range, species of running waters, species of fenlands and species of mesotrophic lakes and bogs. The trends of these different species groups were compared with the all-species control group. As expected, a significantly higher proportion of the southern species show a positive trend than the all-species group. In the northern species group on the contrary, a significantly higher proportion of the species show a negative trend than the all-species group. Different explanations for these results are discussed, such as climate change, improved quality of certain habitats and degradation of other habitats. It is likely that the observed increase of southern species is at least partly caused by the increasing temperatures. The less positive picture of the northern species group is probably more influenced by other environmental factor than directly by climate change.
Three out of six southern species which have become established since 1990 have done so during the aftermath of large invasions. It is concluded that dragonflies are well capable of using changing climate circumstances to colonise new habitats.
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dragonflies
Odonata
climate change
invasion
trends
conservation
Netherlands
Changes in the range of dragonflies in the Netherlands and the possible role of temperature change
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.5.848
2010-12-30
biorisk
Rüti, Switzerland
author
Wildermuth, Hansruedi
2010-12-30
2010-12-30
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
5
175-192
2010
10.3897/biorisk.5.848
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1882/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1882/download/pdf/
Various methods for measuring the success of conservation actions and for evaluating aquatic habitats are outlined, based on quantified dragonfly monitoring. They are discussed with respect to their practicability and information value, counts of adult males and especially of exuviae yielding the most valuable results. These are presented by actual examples of mire ponds, streams, ditches and rivers from central Europe, making allowance for the dynamics of the habitats and their dragonfly community. Records of detailed data, if repeated subsequently at the same localities with the same methods, are considered a useful basis for preparation of distribution maps and for comparison of the fauna over the time. Fauna shifts in horizontal and vertical distribution over the time should be judged critically with respect to climate change as they could also be caused by anthropogenic habitat changes.
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Pensoft Publishers
measuring conservation effects
species conservation
monitoring
dragonflies
Odonata
Monitoring the effects of conservation actions in agricultural and urbanized landscapes – also useful for assessing climate change?
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.5.849
2010-12-30
biorisk
University of Texas, Austin, United States of America
author
Matthews, John
2010-12-30
2010-12-30
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
5
193-209
2010
10.3897/biorisk.5.849
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1883/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1883/download/pdf/
Small freshwater aquatic lentic systems (lakes and ponds) are sensitive to anthropogenic climate change through shifts in ambient air temperatures and patterns of precipitation. Shifts in air temperatures will influence lentic water temperatures through convection and by changing evaporation rates. Shifts in the timing, amount, and intensity of precipitation will alter the thermal mass of lentic systems even in the absence of detectable ambient air temperature changes. These effects are likely to be strongest in ponds (standing water bodies primarily mixed by temperature changes than by wind), for whom precipitation makes up a large component of inflows. Although historical water temperature datasets are patchy for lentic systems, thermal mass effects are likely to outweigh impacts from ambient air temperatures in most locations and may show considerable independence from those trends. Thermal mass-induced changes in water temperature will thereby alter a variety of population- and community-level processes in aquatic macroinvertebrates.
text/html
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Pensoft Publishers
climatic changes
lentic systems
ponds
dragonflies
Anthropogenic climate change impacts on ponds: a thermal mass perspective
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.5.851
2010-12-30
biorisk
National Technical University of Ukraine, Ukraine
author
Khrokalo, Lyudmyla
2010-12-30
2010-12-30
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
5
211-223
2010
10.3897/biorisk.5.851
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1884/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1884/download/pdf/
A noticeable expansion of some Mediterranean species takes place in Europe during last several decades and this data are related to climatic effects clearly. The present work is a review of literature and original data on distribution of C. erythraea in Ukraine. In the beginning and middle of XX century in Ukraine the Scarlet Dragonfly was observed in southern area at Dnieper valley, in outmost southwest at Danube delta at the west of Ukraine in Transcarpathian and Forecarpathian. Next, this species was registered at the foothills of Carpathian Mountains. During last three decades C. erythraea was also recorded at the north and east (central regions, eastern, northern and northeastern areas). Since 2000 new points have been registered in Odessa, Kherson,Vinnytsya, Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Kyiv administrative regions and in Crimea.
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
dragonflies
range expansion
Crocothemis erythraea
Ukraine
monitoring
Expansion of Crocothemis erythraea in Ukraine
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.5.852
2010-12-30
biorisk
Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, United States of America
author
Beatty, Christopher
Dalhousie University, Canada
author
Fraser, Stewart
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla, Mexico
author
Pérez-Jvostov, Felipe
Carleton University, Canada
author
Sherratt, Thomas
2010-12-30
2010-12-30
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
5
225-241
2010
10.3897/biorisk.5.852
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1885/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1885/download/pdf/
We analysed temperature data and odonate distribution data collected in the province of Ontario, Canada, over approximately sixty years. Analysis of temperature data from 31 weather stations collected in the years 1945–2000 showed an overall significant increase in the minimum, maximum and mean monthly temperatures; these trends were not adjusted for changes in urbanisation. Comparison of county level presence/absence data for odonates from the 1950´s and 2002 found a slight decrease in the northernmost distributions of some species, although no significant patterns were evident. Lower sampling coverage in the larger, more northerly counties in Ontario, as well as the assessment of distributions based on county records may limit the sensitivity of our approach in detecting changes in odonate species distributions over time. Future work should focus on increasing the coverage, uniformity and geographic detail of available datasets, as well as evaluating range change through testing predictions based on the ecology and biogeography of odonate species.
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Pensoft Publishers
temperature
Odonata
climate change
range extension
Ontario
Dragonfly and Damselfly (Insecta, Odonata) Distributions in Ontario, Canada: Investigating the Influence of Climate Change
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.5.853
2010-12-30
biorisk
Ecole d Ingenieurs HES de Lullier, Jussy / Geneve, Switzerland
author
Oertli, Beat
2010-12-30
2010-12-30
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
5
243-251
2010
10.3897/biorisk.5.853
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1886/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1886/download/pdf/
With climate warming, many Odonata species are extending their geographical area. In Switzerland, as in many parts of the world, this phenomenon may lead to a regional increase in species richness. The local richness (the richness of individual waterbodies) is also expected to increase, particularly in the alpine or subalpine areas where the waterbodies are particularly species–poor. Based on the species richness recorded in 109 waterbodies scattered all across Switzerland, a model is presented here relating the local species richness (adult dragonflies) to environmental variables, including the mean annual air temperature. This model predicts a sharp increase in species richness for alpine or subalpine waterbodies, which is expected to double or even treble before the end of this century. This increase would mainly be the consequence of the immigration of eurythermal species extending their geographical range, together with potential local extinctions of the cold stenothermal species.
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biodiversity
Odonata
alpha richness
boreo-alpine species
alpine ponds
colonisation
extinction
The local species richness of Dragonflies in mountain waterbodies: an indicator of climate warming?
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.5.857
2010-12-30
biorisk
L.U.P.O. GmbH, Trippstadt, Germany
author
Ott, Jürgen
2010-12-30
2010-12-30
2010
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
5
253-286
2010
10.3897/biorisk.5.857
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1887/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1887/download/pdf/
In this paper the trends of dragonfly expansions during the last decades in Germany and Europe are summarized. It is shown, that there is a general expansion of many species to the north: Mediterranean species expanded to Central and Northern Europe, whereas some African species expanded to Southern Europe, some are even new to the continent. In general this means an increase of biodiversity, but looking at the ecological effects, in the medium term a decrease can be expected for mooreland and alpine species. Dragonflies can be regarded as a good indicator group for climatic change. Already now in some areas or regions negative effects on waters bodies and their dragonfly communities can be observed and more will occur if e.g. temperature rises or precipitation decreases. The consequences for nature conservation strategies – such as the NATURA 2000 network – are outlined and the general need for monitoring programmes is emphasised.
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
dragonflies
climatic changes
indicators
risks
ecological effects
nature conservation
monitoring
Dragonflies and climatic change - recent trends in Germany and Europe
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.6.1325
2011-12-19
biorisk
CAER, University of Reading, United Kingdom
author
Roberts, Stuart
University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
author
Potts, Simon
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2045-980X
University of Leeds, United Kingdom
author
Biesmeijer, Koos
Natural History Museum, London, sdf, United Kingdom
author
Kuhlmann, Michael
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3664-6922
University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
author
Kunin, William
Durham University, United Kingdom
author
Ohlemüller, Ralf
2011-12-19
2011-12-19
2011
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
6
1-18
2011
10.3897/biorisk.6.1325
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1890/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1890/download/pdf/
Increased risks of extinction to populations of animals and plants under changing climate have now been demonstrated for many taxa. This study assesses the extinction risks to species within an important genus of pollinating bees (Colletes: Apidae) by estimating the expected changes in the area and isolation of suitable habitat under predicted climatic condition for 2050. Suitable habitat was defined on the basis of the presence of known forage plants as well as climatic suitability. To investigate whether ecological specialisation was linked to extinction risk we compared three species which were generalist pollen foragers on several plant families with three species which specialised on pollen from a single plant species. Both specialist and generalist species showed an increased risk of extinction with shifting climate, and this was particularly high for the most specialised species (Colletes anchusae and C. wolfi). The forage generalist C. impunctatus, which is associated with Boreo-Alpine environments, is potentially threatened through significant reduction in available climatic niche space. Including the distribution of the principal or sole pollen forage plant, when modelling the distribution of monolectic or narrowly oligolectic species, did not improve the predictive accuracy of our models as the plant species were considerably more widespread than the specialised bees associated with them.
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Colletes
bee
climate change
Europe
risk assessment
pollinator
Assessing continental-scale risks for generalist and specialist pollinating bee species under climate change
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.6.1334
2011-12-19
biorisk
ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Flörsheim, Germany
author
Jänsch, Stephan
ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Germany
author
Römbke, Jörg
EcoStrat GmbH, Switzerland
author
Hilbeck, Angelika
EcoStrat GmbH, Germany
author
Weiß, Gabriele
German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN), Germany
author
Teichmann, Hanka
German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN), Germany
author
Tappeser, Beatrix
2011-12-19
2011-12-19
2011
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
6
19-40
2011
10.3897/biorisk.6.1334
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1889/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1889/download/pdf/
According to the current legal background for the regulation of genetically modified plants (GMPs) in Europe, an environmental risk assessment (ERA) has to be performed considering i) the crop plant, ii) the novel trait relating to its intended effect and phenotypic characteristics of the GM crop plant and iii) the receiving environment related to the intended use of the GMP. However, the current GMP-ERA does not differentiate between different intended receiving environments. Therefore, the question is to be raised: How can the ’receiving environment’ be classified on the European scale, both in an ecologically relevant and feasible way? As a first step this proposal focuses on invertebrates in the terrestrial environmental compartment. In order to check if already existing regionalization concepts are suitable for the above raised question the following selection criteria were employed: Distribution of non-target organisms (NTOs): A suitable regionalization concept should appropriately reflect the specific characteristics of the animal and plant communities of the different receiving environments of a GMP. Therefore, such a classification should be done by an ecoregion approach, meaning that different ecoregions support different organism communities that may play a different role in supporting relevant ecosystem services. However, information on the distribution of invertebrates in Europe is not available in sufficient detail for this purpose. Hence, it is proposed to use the information about site conditions like climatic, vegetation and soil parameters, which determine the composition of invertebrate communities, for the selection of an appropriate classification concept. Size and number of geographical units: This is a trade-off between the total number of ‘receiving environments’ in Europe manageable in a regulatory context and the ecological uniformity of a single geographical unit. An intermediate size and number of geographical units should be the aim of the classification.With the ‘Indicative map of European biogeographical regions’ (IMEBR) there is an existing regionalization concept that meets many of the requirements identified above: the classification is based on parameters that also determine the distribution of invertebrate communities (i.e., the potential natural vegetation) and nine biogeographical regions represented within the 27 member states of the European (EU-27) are a manageable number for regulatory purposes. However, epigeic (living above ground) and endogeic (living below ground) faunal communities are determined by different biotic and abiotic parameters. For example, climate data is much more relevant for epigeic species than for endogeic organisms. The most important soil properties related to the distribution of endogeic organisms and plants are pH, texture, organic matter content and/or content of organic carbon, C/N ratio, and water-holding capacity. Hence, for endogeic non-target organisms there is currently no suitable regionalization concept available. For the time being, it is recommended to identify important species for testing purposes in each ecoregion with GMP cultivation by means of expert knowledge using the IMEBR for both epigeic and endogeic communities.The regionalization concept is intended to be used in the context of the ERA of GMPs for the assessment of risk for NTOs. Hence, it should be tailored for the area in the EU where GMPs are likely to be grown. The overlap between the biogeographical regions and the intended area of cultivation for a novel GMP form the different cases, each of which should undergo a specific ERA process.For example, there would be eight or nine separate potato cases for the EU-27 area, i.e. the Alpine, Atlantic, Boreal, Continental, Macaronesian, Mediterranean, Pannonian, Steppic and possibly the Black Sea biogeographical regions. For grain maize there would be five to nine separate cases, i.e. the Atlantic, Continental, Mediterranean, Pannonian, Steppic and possibly the Alpine, Black Sea, Boreal and Macaronesian biogeographical regions.
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Ecoregion
Environmental Risk Assessment
European Union
Genetically Modified Plants
Non-target Organisms
Assessing the potential risks of transgenic plants for non-target invertebrates in Europe: a review of classification approaches of the receiving environment
Review Article
10.3897/biorisk.6.1568
2011-12-19
biorisk
University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
author
Daskalova, Evelina
University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria
author
Dontcheva, Slaveya
University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria
author
Yahoubian, Galina
University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria
author
Minkov, Ivan
University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria
author
Toneva, Valentina
2011-12-19
2011-12-19
2011
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
6
41-60
2011
10.3897/biorisk.6.1568
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1888/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1888/download/pdf/
Representatives of the resurrection plants from Gesneriaceae family are included in the Red Book of Bulgaria, in the European Register of rare, endangered, and endemic plants, and are subjects of world’s conventions on the preservation of the biodiversity. The unique feature of these plants to recover from prolonged dehydration (anabiosis) is explored in numerous studies. These species are also Tertiary relics, so they could give us important knowledge about plant evolution.Our research group at the University of Plovdiv has established a national in vitro gene bank for Haberlea rhodopensis Friv. (25 localities) and Ramonda serbica Panc. (2 localities) from Bulgaria. The national gene bank is based on original and modified in vitro technologies and can serve as a conservation and biodiversity investigation center for the family Gesneriaceae.Basing on our work with Haberlea rhodopensis Friv., we are developing a strategy for conservation and investigation of rare and relic plant species (mapping and exploration of habitats – assessing the local risk of extinction - introducing in an in vitro gene bank - model plants for research – adaptation and possible re-introduction in endangered habitats). This strategy can be adapted and used for conservation and investigation of other rare, protected, relic and endemic plants from other regions of Europe and worldwide.
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Haberlea rhodopensis Friv.
risk assesment scoring system
in vitro gene bank
A strategy for conservation and investigation of the protected resurrection plant Haberlea rhodopensis Friv.
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.7.4077
2012-10-17
biorisk
Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Braunschweig, Germany
author
Dauber, Jens
UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
author
Settele, Josef
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8624-4983
2012-10-17
2012-10-17
2012
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
7
1-4
2012
10.3897/biorisk.7.4077
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1895/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1895/download/pdf/
none
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
none
Shedding light on the biodiversity and ecosystem impacts of modern land use.
Editorial
10.3897/biorisk.7.3036
2012-10-17
biorisk
Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Braunschweig, Germany
author
Dauber, Jens
The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
author
Brown, Chris
Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
author
Fernando, Ana Luisa
Teagasc, Carlow, Ireland
author
Finnan, John
Automotive Industry Institute, Warzaw, Poland
author
Krasuska, Ewa
DBFZ, Leipzig, Germany
author
Ponitka, Jens
Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Seville, Spain
author
Styles, David
Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
author
Thrän, Daniela
Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, United States of America
author
Van Groenigen, Kees Jan
SLU, Uppsala, Sweden
author
Weih, Martin
EMPA, Dübendorf, Switzerland
author
Zah, Rainer
2012-10-17
2012-10-17
2012
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
7
5-50
2012
10.3897/biorisk.7.3036
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1894/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1894/download/pdf/
The increasing demand for biomass for the production of bioenergy is generating land-use conflicts. These conflicts might be solved through spatial segregation of food/feed and energy producing areas by continuing producing food on established and productive agricultural land while growing dedicated energy crops on so called “surplus” land. Ambiguity in the definition and characterization of surplus land as well as uncertainty in assessments of land availability and of future bioenergy potentials is causing confusion about the prospects and the environmental and socio-economic implications of bioenergy development in those areas. The high level of uncertainty is due to environmental, economic and social constraints not yet taken into account and to the potentials offered by those novel crops and their production methods not being fully exploited. This paper provides a scientific background in support of a reassessment of land available for bioenergy production by clarifying the terminology, identifying constraints and options for an efficient bioenergy-use of surplus land and providing policy recommendations for resolving conflicting land-use demands. A serious approach to factoring in the constraints, combined with creativity in utilizing the options provided, in our opinion, would lead to a more sustainable and efficient development of the bioenergy sector. Unless the sustainability challenge is mastered, the interdependent policy objectives of mitigating climate change, obtaining independence from fossil fuels, feeding and fuelling a growing human world population and maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services will not be met. Despite the advanced developments of bioenergy, we still see regional solutions for designing and establishing sustainable bioenergy production systems with optimized production resulting in social, economic and ecological benefits. Where bioenergy production has been identified as the most suitable option to overcome the given problems of energy security and climate change mitigation, we need to determine which bioenergy cultivation systems are most suitable for the respective types of surplus land, by taking into account issues such as yields, inputs and costs, as well as potential environmental and socio-economic impacts.
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Marginal land
degraded land
energy crops
biomass
HNV
biodiversity
ecosystem services
land-use change
land-use competition
sustainability
bioenergy
Bioenergy from “surplus” land: environmental and socio-economic implications
Review Article
10.3897/biorisk.7.2699
2012-10-17
biorisk
Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute (vTI), Eberswalde, Germany
author
Baum, Sarah
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Dept. of Crop Production Ecology, Uppsala, Sweden
author
Weih, Martin
Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute (vTI), Institute for Forest Ecology and Forest Inventory, Eberswalde, Germany
author
Bolte, Andreas
2012-10-17
2012-10-17
2012
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
7
51-71
2012
10.3897/biorisk.7.2699
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1893/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1893/download/pdf/
Woody biomass plantations on agricultural sites are an attractive source of biomass for bioenergy, but their effects on local biodiversity are unclear. This study’s objective was to evaluate the influences of light availability, plantation age, and soil properties on phytodiversity in short rotation coppice (SRC) plantations. Ground vegetation mapping, irradiance measurement (PAR), and surface soil analyses were conducted in 15 willow and poplar SRC plantations in Central Sweden and Northern Germany. We performed different multivariate statistical methods like cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) in order to analyze species composition and the influence of irradiance, age, and soil properties on phytodiversity. CA revealed highest species composition similarities in SRC plantations in close proximity. PCA identified humus quality/essential plant nutrients, plantation age/irradiance effects, soil acidity and shoot age as the four principal components of the recorded parameters. The ground vegetation cover was negatively correlated with the plantation age component and positively with the nutrient component. With an increase in the plantation age component, a shift in species composition was proven towards more forest habitat species, more nutrient-demanding species, and increasing occurrence of indicator species for basic soils. Applying Ellenberg indicator values, basic soil indicator species corresponded in occurrence to increasing nutrient availability. However, species richness was not related to any of our studied site variables. Judged from CCA, species composition in SRC plantations was influenced by plantation age/irradiance, and nutrient availability; soil acidity and shoot age had no significant influence. Young poplar and willow SRC plantations showed greatest variation in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Our findings suggest that phytodiversity in SRC plantations depends mainly on plantation age and thus shifts over time.
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
biodiversity
poplar (Populus sp.)
willow (Salix sp.)
species composition
photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)
irradiance
multivariate analysis
Stand age characteristics and soil properties affect species composition of vascular plants in short rotation coppice plantations
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.7.1969
2012-10-17
biorisk
1. ZALF, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Institute of Land Use Systems, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg // 2. BfN; Federal A, Müncheberg, Germany
author
Graef, Frieder
Florsheim, Germany
author
Römbke, Jörg
Center for Agro-food Economy and Development-CREDA-UPC-IRTA; Parc Mediterrani de la Tecnologia- ESAB Building; C/ Esteve Terrades 8; 08860 Castelldefe, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
author
Binimelis, Rosa
GenØk; Centre for Biosafety, Science Park, 9294 Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
author
Myhr, Anne I.
ETH; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Universitaetstr. 16; 8092 Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
author
Hilbeck, Angelika
University of Vechta; Chair of Landscape Ecology; Driverstr. 22; 49377 Vechta, Vechta, Germany
author
Breckling, Broder
Aarhus University; Department of Agroecology; Blichers Allé 20; 8830 Tjele, Tjele, Denmark
author
Dalgaard, Tommy
ZALF, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Institute of Land Use Systems, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Müncheberg, Germany
author
Stachow, Ulrich
GenØk; Centre for Biosafety, Science Park, 9294 Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
author
Catacora, Georgina V.
GenØk; Centre for Biosafety, Science Park, 9294 Tromsø // Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
author
Bøhn, Thomas
GenØk; Centre for Biosafety, Science Park, 9294 Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
author
Quist, David
Plant Protection Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Department of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Analysis; Herman Otto ut 15; 1022 Budap, Budapest, Hungary
author
Darvas, Béla
TUD; Technische Universität Dresden; Faculty of Geo-, Forest- and Hydroscience; Helmholtzstr. 10; 01069 Dresden, Dresden, Germany
author
Dudel, Gert
FiBL; Forschungsinstitut für Biologischen Landbau; Ackerstr. 1; 5070 Frick, Frick, Switzerland
author
Oehen, Bernadette
ENSSER, Postfach 1102, 15832 Rangsdorf, Rangsdorf, Germany
author
Meyer, Hartmut
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
author
Henle, Klaus
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6647-5362
ESRC Cesagen, Lancaster University; Sociology; Bailrigg; LA1 4YD Lancaster, Lancaster, United Kingdom
author
Wynne, Brian
The University of Edinburgh; School of GeoSciences; Drummond Street; Edinburgh EH8 9XP, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
author
Metzger, Marc
EAS; Eurofins Agroscience Services GmbH; Eutinger Strasse 24; 75223 Niefern-Öschelbronn, Niefern-Öschelbronn, Germany
author
Knäbe, Silvio
UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
author
Settele, Josef
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8624-4983
Plant Protection Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
author
Székács, András
ZALF, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Institute of Land Use Systems, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Müncheberg, Germany
author
Wurbs, Angelika
DIN; Deutsches Institut für Normung; Burggrafenstr. 6; 10787 Berlin, Berlin, Germany
author
Bernard, Jeannette
Lindenweg 12; 49393 Lohne-Ehrendorf, Lohne-Ehrendorf, Germany
author
Murphy-Bokern, Donal
UDP; University of Firenze; Department of Evolutionary Biology; Via Romana 17 50125 Firenze, Firenze, Italy
author
Buiatti, Marcello
UDP; University of Pisa; Department of Crop Plant Biology; Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Pisa, Italy
author
Giovannetti, Manuela
JSI; Josef Stefan Institute; Department of Knowledge Technologies; Jamova 39; 1000 Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
author
Debeljak, Marko
University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Life Sciences; Rolighedsvej 23; 1958 Frederiksberg C, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
author
Andersen, Erling
DIN; Deutsches Institut für Normung; Burggrafenstr. 6; 10787 Berlin, Berlin, Germany
author
Paetz, Andreas
JSI; Josef Stefan Institute; Department of Knowledge Technologies; Jamova 39; 1000 Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
author
Dzeroski, Saso
BfN; Federal Agency for Nature Conservation; Division GMO-Regulation, Biosafety; Konstantinstr. 110; 53179 Bonn, Bonn, Germany
author
Tappeser, Beatrix
VU University, Amsterdam; Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences; De Boelelaan 1085; 1081 HV Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
author
van Gestel, Cornelis A.M.
University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
author
Wosniok, Werner
CRIIGEN; University of Caen; IBFA Laboratory of Biochemistry; Esplanade de la Paix ; 14032 Caen, Caen, France
author
Séralini, Gilles-Eric
Statistics Norway, Oslo, Norway
author
Aslaksen, Iulie
University of Vechta; Chair of Landscape Ecology, Vechta, Germany
author
Pesch, Roland
UKZUZ; Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture; Foreign Relations and EU Department, Brno, Czech Republic
author
Maly, Stanislav
ZALF, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Institute of Land Use Systems, Müncheberg, Germany
author
Werner, Armin
2012-10-17
2012-10-17
2012
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
7
73-97
2012
10.3897/biorisk.7.1969
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1892/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1892/download/pdf/
The assessment of the impacts of growing genetically modified (GM) crops remains a major political and scientific challenge in Europe. Concerns have been raised by the evidence of adverse and unexpected environmental effects and differing opinions on the outcomes of environmental risk assessments (ERA). The current regulatory system is hampered by insufficiently developed methods for GM crop safety testing and introduction studies. Improvement to the regulatory system needs to address the lack of well designed GM crop monitoring frameworks, professional and financial conflicts of interest within the ERA research and testing community, weaknesses in consideration of stakeholder interests and specific regional conditions, and the lack of comprehensive assessments that address the environmental and socio-economic risk assessment interface. To address these challenges, we propose a European Network for systematic GMO impact assessment (ENSyGMO) with the aim directly to enhance ERA and post-market environmental monitoring (PMEM) of GM crops, to harmonize and ultimately secure the long-term socio-political impact of the ERA process and the PMEM in the EU. These goals would be achieved with a multi-dimensional and multi-sector approach to GM crop impact assessment, targeting the variability and complexity of the EU agro-environment and the relationship with relevant socio-economic factors. Specifically, we propose to develop and apply methodologies for both indicator and field site selection for GM crop ERA and PMEM, embedded in an EU-wide typology of agro-environments. These methodologies should be applied in a pan-European field testing network using GM crops. The design of the field experiments and the sampling methodology at these field sites should follow specific hypotheses on GM crop effects and use state-of-the art sampling, statistics and modelling approaches. To address public concerns and create confidence in the ENSyGMO results, actors with relevant specialist knowledge from various sectors should be involved.
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
GM crops
field testing network
environmental risk assessment
post-market environmental monitoring
typology of EU agro-environment
stakeholder involvement
socio-economic impact assessment
A framework for a European network for a systematic environmental impact assessment of genetically modified organisms (GMO)
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.7.1331
2012-10-17
biorisk
American University of Beirut, Lebanon
author
Abboud, Maya
American University of Beirut, Lebanon
author
Makhzoumi, Jala
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom
author
Clubbe, Colin
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0532-1722
American University of Beirut, Lebanon
author
Zurayk, Rami
The University of Reading, United Kingdom
author
Jury, Stephen
American University of Beirut, Lebanon
author
Talhouk, Salma
2012-10-17
2012-10-17
2012
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
7
99-116
2012
10.3897/biorisk.7.1331
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1891/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1891/download/pdf/
Biodiversity conservation in Lebanon ought to be guided by practical assessment tools in order to promote conservation efforts amid destructive and profit driven urban and industrial expansion. The challenge for national conservation scientists, however, is to develop such tools while reconciling between scientific ‘rigor’ and pressing national realities. Those include rapid habitat loss, limited human and financial resources, and the fact that biodiversity is a low national priority compared to other social, political, and economic issues. It is in this context that we propose a rapid management strategy guide based on a habitat assessment tool for riparian ecosystems (which are typically threatened in Lebanon). The proposed riparian habitat assessment tool (RiHAT) consists of a habitat condition index based on twelve indicators grouped under two attributes, floristic and lndscape.
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Riparian assessment
habitat condition index
riparian vegetation
Mediterranean river management
Riparian habitat assessment tool for Lebanese rivers (RiHAT): case study Ibrahim River
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.8.5949
2013-08-08
biorisk
UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
author
Settele, Josef
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8624-4983
Bundesamt für Naturschutz FG Z 2.3, Bonn, Germany
author
Zueghart, Wiebke
2013-08-08
2013-08-08
2013
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
8
1-2
2013
10.3897/biorisk.8.5949
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1903/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1903/download/pdf/
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
editorial
GMO
GMO environmental impact monitoring
Editorial
10.3897/biorisk.8.4036
2013-08-08
biorisk
Bundesamt für Naturschutz FG Z 2.3, Bonn, Germany
author
Zueghart, Wiebke
Westfälsiche Hochschule Bocholt, Bocholt, Germany
author
Beismann, Heike
Universität Vechta, Vechta, Germany
author
Schroeder, Winfried
2013-08-08
2013-08-08
2013
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
8
3-13
2013
10.3897/biorisk.8.4036
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1902/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1902/download/pdf/
The deliberate release of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) implies the potential occurrence of environmental impacts which are either unexpected or only partially predictable and, thus, necessitates development of appropriate monitoring methodology. Therefore, new challenges have to be met when implementing the post market environmental monitoring (PMEM) of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), which is mandatory according to the European legal framework. According to Directive 2001/18/EC PMEM has to follow standard methodologies, wherever available and appropriate. To provide all involved parties with appropriate standard monitoring methods, the so called VDI Guidelines are developed by working groups established by the Association of German Engineers (VDI). These working groups are composed by external experts participating on a voluntary basis. The VDI is an independent technical standardisation body. All Guidelines are published in German and English and can therefore be used throughout Europe. VDI Guidelines are available in the field of exposure of the environment to GM plants (e.g. standardised sampling of pollen, standardised observation of hybrids or ferals), bio-molecular analyses (e.g. standardised extraction and detection of transgenes or their products in different environmental compartments), and the standardised monitoring of effects on non-target organisms (e.g. butterflies, wild bees, amphibians or soil organisms). The aim beyond this work is to facilitate generation of reliable and comparable monitoring data and enable an effective and efficient PMEM with high acceptability to the scientific community as well as the general public.
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Genetically modified organisms
post market environmental monitoring
VDI Guidelines
environmental effects
GMO monitoring
non-target organism
Tools for a scientifically rigorous and efficient monitoring of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) – VDI Guidelines to ensure high quality of GMO-monitoring data
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.8.3244
2013-08-08
biorisk
author
Lang, Andreas
gaiac-Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment e.V., RWTH Aachen University, c/o Institute of Environmental Research - Biolology V, Wo, Aachen, Germany
author
Theißen, Bernhard
Büro für Ökologische Forschung und Planung, Obere Dorfstrasse 16, 82237 Wörthsee, Germany
author
Dolek, Matthias
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3778-9482
2013-08-08
2013-08-08
2013
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
8
15-38
2013
10.3897/biorisk.8.3244
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1901/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1901/download/pdf/
Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are correlated with many biotic and abiotic characteristics of the environment, and are widely accepted as relevant protection goals. Adverse effects on butterflies and moths through genetically modified (GM) crops have been demonstrated, by both insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant events. Thus, Lepidoptera are considered suitable bio-indicators for monitoring the potential adverse effects due to the cultivation of GM crops, and guidelines were developed under the umbrella of the Association of German Engineers VDI (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure), entitled “Monitoring the effects of genetically modified organisms (GMO) – Standardised monitoring of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera): transect method, light trap and larval survey”. Here, the background and rationale of the VDI guidelines is presented, including a summary of the methods described in the guidelines. Special emphasis is given to the discussion of underlying reasons for the selection and adjustment of the applied methodology with respect to the GMO monitoring of day-active Lepidoptera, of night-active moths and of the recording of lepidopteran larvae, as well as to sample design and strategy. Further aspects possibly interfering with monitoring quality are treated such as landscape patterns, low species number and abundance in agro-ecosystems, or high year-to-year fluctuations of populations of Lepidoptera. Though specifically designed for GM crops, the VDI guidelines may also serve as a template to monitor the effects of a wider range of adverse factors on Lepidoptera in agriculture.
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Pensoft Publishers
Lepidoptera
non-target organisms
indicators
genetically modified plants
monitoring methods
transect count
light trapping
larval survey
beating sample
standardization
cost-efficiency
Standardised methods for the GMO monitoring of butterflies and moths: the whys and hows
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.8.3251
2013-08-08
biorisk
Agency for Population Ecology and Nature Conservancy, In der Setz 10, 97218 Gerbrunn, Germany
author
Böll, Susanne
KARCH, Passage Maximilien-de-Meiron 6, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
author
Schmidt, Benedikt
Germany
author
Veith, Michael
Trier University, Biogeography Department, Trier, Germany
author
Wagner, Norman
Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum König, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
author
Rödder, Dennis
Trier University, Biogeography Department, 54286 Trier, Germany
author
Weinmann, Cathrin
NABU Headquarters, Berlin, Germany
author
Kirschey, Tom
UUniversity of Trier, Germany
author
Lötters, Stefan
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7187-1968
2013-08-08
2013-08-08
2013
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
8
39-51
2013
10.3897/biorisk.8.3251
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1900/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1900/download/pdf/
Amphibians are a suitable indicator group for monitoring possible negative direct or indirect effects of GMO cultivation at the individual and population level. Direct effects could occur in aquatic ecosystems via uptake of GM pollen or GM detritus by anuran larvae. However, indirect negative effects caused by changes in cultivation practices (changes in pesticide use, for instance) are more likely. The VDI Guideline 4333 aims to ensure comprehensive monitoring of the different life-stages of anuran species that are common in agricultural landscapes of Austria, Germany and Switzerland. The guideline includes a novel approach to tadpole monitoring. To assess immediate effects, tadpole, metamorph and adult deformation rates are compared with naturally occurring deformation rates. Adult population size, adult body condition and juvenile emergence are monitored over multiple years to assess long-term effects of GM crop cultivation on population viability. At each study site, monitoring has to be carried out at multiple amphibian breeding sites which differ in their exposure to GM crop cultivation. All monitoring data have to be stored in a central database for future meta-analyses. This will ultimately allow for generalized statements about the impact of GM crop cultivation on amphibians. Although specifically designed for GM crops, VDI Guideline 4333 may also serve as a model for studying the effects of a wider range of stressors on amphibian populations in agriculture and forestry.
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Pensoft Publishers
agriculture
pesticide
deformation
population size
tadpole
recruitment
adult
Amphibians as indicators of changes in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems following GM crop cultivation: a monitoring guideline
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.8.3600
2013-08-08
biorisk
Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
author
Schindler, Matthias
Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
author
Diestelhorst, Olaf
Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
author
Haertel, Stephan
Büro für tierökologische Studien, Berlin, Germany
author
Saure, Christoph
Sasbach, Sasbach, Germany
author
Scharnowski, Arno
Büro Entomologie und Ökologie, Stuttgart, Germany
author
Schwenninger, Hans. R.
2013-08-08
2013-08-08
2013
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
8
53-71
2013
10.3897/biorisk.8.3600
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1899/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1899/download/pdf/
Wild bees are abundant in agricultural ecosystems and contribute significantly to the pollination of many crops. The specialisation of many wild bees on particular nesting sites and food resources makes them sensitive to changing habitat conditions. Therefore wild bees are important indicators for environmental impact assessments. Long-term monitoring schemes to measure changes of wild bee communities in agricultural ecosystems are currently lacking. Here we suggest a highly standardized monitoring approach which combines transect walks and pan traps (bowls). The combination of these two methods provides high sample coverage and reveals data on plant-pollinator interactions. We point out that comprehensive methodical, biological and taxonomical expertise is mandatory. The suggested approach is applicable to diverse monitoring goals in an agricultural context e.g. the impact of land use changes as well as monitoring potential effects of GM crops on wild bees.
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en_US
Pensoft Publishers
wild bees
standardised ecological assessment
agricultural ecosystems
GMO monitoring
Monitoring agricultural ecosystems by using wild bees as environmental indicators
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.8.3255
2013-08-08
biorisk
Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
author
Ruf, Andrea
IFAB GmbH, Sodenkamp 59, 22337 Hamburg, Germany
author
Beylich, Anneke
Senckenberg, Frankfurt, Germany
author
Blick, Theo
Julius-Kühn-Institut, Institut für Pflanzenbau und Bodenkunde, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
author
Buechs, Wolfgang
Umweltbundesamt, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau, Germany
author
Glante, Frank
Ecossa, Giselastr. 6, 06844 Dessau, Germany
author
Hoess, Sebastian
Institut für Umweltforschung, RWTH Aachen, Worringerweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
author
Roß-Nikoll, Martina
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, institut für Biologie und Ökologie, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
author
Ruess, Liliane
Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz, Goerlitz, Germany
author
Russell, David J.
ETC Ökologie GmbH, Flörsheim/Main, Germany
author
Römbke, Jörg
BIOKON international, Berlin, Germany
author
Seitz, Heike
Bayer CropScience, Monheim, Germany
author
Theißen, Bernhard
RWTH Aachen, GAIAC, Aachen, Germany
author
Toschki, Andreas
Trier University, Biogeography Department, 54286 Trier, Germany
author
Weinmann, Cathrin
Bundesamt für Naturschutz FG Z 2.3, Bonn, Germany
author
Zueghart, Wiebke
2013-08-08
2013-08-08
2013
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
8
73-87
2013
10.3897/biorisk.8.3255
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1898/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1898/download/pdf/
After a release of genetically modified organisms, monitoring of potential adverse effects on the environment is mandatory. The protocol used for monitoring should be previously tested in practical studies and must be standardised. Moreover, sampling methods and the evaluation of results must meet current scientific and technical standards. Due to their particular role in maintaining soil quality and in a multitude of ecological processes in agro-ecosystems, soil organisms belong to those groups for which VDI guidelines are being developed. The guideline 4331 Part 1 describes fundamental criteria for the selection and sampling of soil organisms for GMO monitoring and gives guidance for sampling design, sampling strategy and statistical evaluation. In the guideline three approaches are followed: (1) a compilation of previously known effects and exposure pathways, (2) a documentation of ecological functions of soil organisms (ecosystem services) as well as (3) a description of characteristic species compositions in the soil. The aim was to develop a selection matrix that helps to choose the appropriate animal groups to be sampled. Besides the habitat type and the ecological relevance, the selection matrix also considers the suitability of animal groups in terms of practical issues and, in specific cases, anticipated effects. Further parts of the guideline 4331 will describe sampling methods for relevant soil animal groups.
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Pensoft Publishers
Soil Organism
Monitoring
Genetically Modified Organism
Standardisation
Sampling
Soil organisms as an essential element of a monitoring plan to identify the effects of GMO cultivation. Requirements – Methodology – Standardisation
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.8.4035
2013-08-08
biorisk
Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany
author
Sukopp, Ulrich
Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
author
Schmitz, Ulf
2013-08-08
2013-08-08
2013
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
8
89-110
2013
10.3897/biorisk.8.4035
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1897/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1897/download/pdf/
The commercial use of genetically modified (GM) organisms is regulated in the EU by law. Thus, monitoring the environmental effects of GM organisms after placement on the market is a mandatory task of the respective consent holder. Since many relevant monitoring procedures lack standardisation, the Association of German Engineers (VDI) has commissioned expert groups with the development of guidelines covering appropriate methodologies. As part of this project, the VDI Guideline 4330 Part 10 was set up (Bleeker et al. 2011) describing a standardised procedure for floristic mapping of spontaneously occurring (non-cultivated) GM crops, their wild potential crossing partners and their hybrid offspring. Areas to be mapped are those where such plants are expected to be found, e.g. on former fields and in the vicinity of current or former fields of GM plants. In the case of transportation, processing or use of GM plants as animal feed, these are areas surrounding the processing, storage, handling and usage facilities, including access routes to and from the facilities. The concept of adverse environmental effects caused by the dispersal and outcrossing of GM plants is briefly introduced. The necessity of floristic mapping in the context of post-market environmental monitoring of GM plants is demonstrated taking oilseed rape as an example. The development of the Guideline VDI 4330 Part 10 is described and its contents are summarised. An important conclusion on the relevance and efficiency of the floristic mapping method is that strict standardisation ensures a high level of EU wide reproducibility and comparability of the results.
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Pensoft Publishers
Genetically modified plants
post-market environmental monitoring
VDI guidelines
standardised methods
floristic mapping
wild crossing partners
hybrid offspring
oilseed rape
Brassica napus
How to track genetically modified (GM) plants in the field? The VDI standard method of floristic mapping of GM plants as an efficient tool
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.8.4038
2013-08-08
biorisk
Universität Vechta, Vechta, Germany
author
Schroeder, Winfried
Universität Vechta, Vechta, Germany
author
Schmidt, Gunther
2013-08-08
2013-08-08
2013
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
8
111-120
2013
10.3897/biorisk.8.4038
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1896/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1896/download/pdf/
The approval of genetically modified organisms for deliberate release and placing on the market requires environmental risk assessment and environmental monitoring. Methodological approaches and implementation of both tasks are still controversially discussed. This article analyses principles of environmental monitoring of genetically modified organisms as published in the Guideline 4330 Part 1 of the Association of German Engineers. Thereby, the article concentrates on the characterisation of the receiving environment affected by cultivation of genetically modified organisms and the representativeness of monitoring systems to assess large-scale implications of the cultivation of genetically modified organisms. Based on this, the article introduces statistical and geoinformatic measures as well as relevant geodata to deal with these issues.
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Pensoft Publishers
Genetically modified organisms
geodata
environmental monitoring
Supporting monitoring effects of genetically modified organisms by GIS-technologies and geodata – an overview
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.9.6105
2014-06-10
biorisk
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
author
Spangenberg, Joachim
2014-06-10
2014-06-10
2014
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
9
1-37
2014
10.3897/biorisk.9.6105
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1904/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/1904/download/pdf/
The anthropocene is the age where human influences are determining the development of the planet’s ecosystems and thus the bio-physical basis of future human civilisations. Today China has become the world’s largest economy and its worst polluter with per capita greenhouse gas emissions surpassing the EU average, the world’s largest consumer of all kinds of resources. Even regarding the aggregate contribution to climate change (historical emission residues included), called the climate debt, China has not yet, but will be most probably climbing the top position rather soon.At the same time China is the world’s largest victim of environmental change, including air and soil pollution, water and land scarcity, biodiversity loss and climate change.Thus not only slowing down the increase but reducing emissions should be a top priority for China, and it is: the government has taken some bold steps. China is the world’s largest investor in renewable energies, has the largest afforestation program, and leads the world in reducing carbon dioxide emission reduction. As the largest polluter it has extraordinary opportunities to improve the global state of the environment – is it the world’s last best hope for establishing a global ecological civilisation? Some implications regarding the Chinese environmental policy are discussed, some strengths highlighted and some weaknesses identified.However, despite their magnitude, the efforts–and in particular their implementation–are not yet sufficient. We suggest three additional steps which could help China to begin reducing its climate debt within a couple of decades, define a long term perspective for policy planning and adjust its growth model to the challenges of the anthropocene.
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en_US
Pensoft Publishers
China
pollution
climate change
land use
HANPP
biodiversity
ecological debt/climate debt
CO2
methane
politics
Common but differentiated responsibility
Earth System Science
environmental justice
China in the anthropocene: Culprit, victim or last best hope for a global ecological civilisation?
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.10.4749
2015-02-18
biorisk
Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium
author
Rasmont, Pierre
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
author
Franzén, Markus
Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium
author
Lecocq, Thomas
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
author
Harpke, Alexander
University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
author
Roberts, Stuart
Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
author
Biesmeijer, Koos
I.E.S. Vega del Turia, Teruel, Spain
author
Castro, Leopoldo
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
author
Cederberg, Björn
Municipal Museum Mariánské Lázně, Mariánské Lázně, Czech Republic
author
Dvořák, Libor
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4712-3679
National Biodiversity Data Centre, Waterford, United Kingdom
author
Fitzpatrick, Úna
Centre Suisse de Cartographie de la Faune, Neuchâtel, Swaziland
author
Gonseth, Yves
Gemblouyx Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
author
Haubruge, Eric
Unaffiliated, Mesquer, France
author
Mahé, Gilles
Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
author
Manino, Aulo
University of Mons, Bruxelles, Belgium
author
Michez, Denis
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8880-1838
Unaffiliated, Elixhausen, Austria
author
Neumayer, Johann
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research - NINA, Trondheim, Norway
author
Ødegaard, Frode
Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Finland
author
Paukkunen, Juho
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8587-3035
Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska, Poland
author
Pawlikowski, Tadeusz
University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
author
Potts, Simon
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2045-980X
Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
author
Reemer, Menno
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
author
Settele, Josef
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8624-4983
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
author
Straka, Jakub
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8987-1245
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
author
Schweiger, Oliver
2015-02-18
2015-02-18
2015
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
10
1-236
2015
10.3897/biorisk.10.4749
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/4749/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/4749/download/pdf/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/4749/download/xml/
Bumble bees represent one of the most important groups of pollinators. In addition to their ecological and economic relevance, they are also a highly charismatic group which can help to increase the interest of people in realizing, enjoying and conserving natural systems. However, like most animals, bum- ble bees are sensitive to climate. In this atlas, maps depicting potential risks of climate change for bumble bees are shown together with informative summary statistics, ecological back- ground information and a picture of each European species. Thanks to the EU FP7 project STEP, the authors gathered over one million bumblebee records from all over Europe. Based on these data, they modelled the current climatic niche for almost all European species (56 species) and projected future climatically suitable conditions using three climate change scenarios for the years 2050 and 2100. While under a moderate change scenario only 3 species are projected to be at the verge of extinction by 2100, 14 species are at high risk under an intermediate change scenario. Under a most severe change scenario as many as 25 species are projected to lose almost all of their climatically suitable area, while a total of 53 species (77% of the 69 European species) would lose the main part of their suitable area. Climatic risks for bumblebees can be extremely high, depending on the future development of human society, and the corresponding effects on the climate. Strong mitigation strategies are needed to preserve this important species group and to ensure the sustainable provision of pollination services, to which they considerably contribute.
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Pensoft Publishers
taxonomy
Climatic Risk and Distribution Atlas of European Bumblebees
Monograph
10.3897/biorisk.11.9941
2016-10-04
biorisk
Miami University, Oxford, United States of America
author
Schultz, Rhiannon
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5630-9344
2016-10-04
2016-10-04
2016
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
11
1-11
2016
10.1002/ajp.20564
10.3201/eid1409.071196
2004
Red list of threatened species searchable database online
2004
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2004) Red list of threatened species searchable database online. http://www.iucnredlist.org
2008
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2008
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2008) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved September 23, 2014. http://www.iucnredlist.org/
10.20506/rst.28.2.1884
10.1371/journal.pone.0019788
Gorilla beringei.
M
Robbins
author
2008
text
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Version 2014.3
2008
10.1017/S0030605306001323
10.1023/A:1020879700286
10.1111/j.1469-1795.1999.tb00064.x
10.1017/S0030605302000224
10.3897/biorisk.11.9941
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/9941/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/9941/download/pdf/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/9941/download/xml/
Human intrigue with the natural world has led to a boom in nature-oriented ecotourism and research endeavors. Some of these projects and programs focus on viewing or studying endangered wildlife, but can have negative implications on wild animal health. Human contact with sensitive habitat and wildlife presents a unique opportunity for the transmission of interspecies disease, which can have traumatic effects on the conservation of endangered species. Nonhuman primates have a relatively high risk of contracting disease from visiting tourists and researchers due to their genetic similarity to humans. Local people living in and around sensitive habitats also pose a potential threat of disease transmission. There are some protocols in place to help alleviate interspecies disease transmission, but many of these protocols are centered on protecting humans rather than nonhuman primates. Using Mountain gorillas as an example, this paper examines the literature and research regarding Mountain gorilla health and welfare in the wild. Drawing on the possible shortcomings of current protocols and the potential health risks of these issues, this paper suggests some avenues for further research and pushes for the development of stronger methods for preventing interspecies disease transmission.
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Pensoft Publishers
Mountain gorilla
gorillas
great apes
disease transmission
zoonotic disease
primate conservation
Killer Conservation: the implications of disease on gorilla conservation
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.12.12156
2017-07-14
biorisk
Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davangere, India
author
Bathula, Sreenivas Reddy
Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davangere, India
author
Rakhimol, A.
2017-07-14
2017-07-14
2017
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
12
1-23
2017
10.3389/fpubh.2016.00025
2012
2012
Biosafety Manual (2012) Biosafety Manual. The Wyss Institute For Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston. https://wyss.harvard.edu/staticfiles/pdf/WyssBiosafetyManual-July2012.pdf
2015
2015
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institutes of Health (2015) Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories. http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/
Biosafety in Biotechnology.
J-M
Collard
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Doelle
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2009
text
EOLSS Publications
2009
239
260
Main direction of harmonization of Russian and international requirements on providing of biological safety when handling pathogenic biological agents.
ON
Dobrokhotskiĭ
author
2013
text
Gigiena i sanitariia
2013
5
40
44
Biosafety provision on handling pathogenic biological agents on the concept of biorisk assessment and management.
ON
Dobrokhotskiĭ
author
2010
text
Gigiena i sanitariia
2010
5
79
81
Biosafety in the study of samples of extraterrestrial origin by an example of preparation for the “Phobos-Grunt” mission.
ON
Dobrokhotskiĭ
author
2012
text
Gigiena i sanitariia
2012
5
19
21
10.1038/543623c
2016
2016
IUCN (2016) The World Conservation Union: An Explanatory Guide to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. https://bch.cbd.int/database/attachment/?id=10858
10.3389/fpubh.2016.00044
10.1089/hs.2016.0013
2016
2016
National Select Agent Registry, CDC (2016) Biennial Review of the Lists of Select Agents and Toxins. http://www.selectagents.gov/
10.1159/000067677
Report
Sandia
author
2009
2009
10.1007/s00284-016-1181-y
10.1089/bsp.2013.0020
2004
2004
WHO (2004) Laboratory Biosafety Manual (3rd edn). World Health Organization, 186 pp. http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/biosafety/en/Biosafety7.pdf
2014
2014
WHO (2014) WHO Handbook for Guideline Development (2nd edn). World Health Organization, 179 pp. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/145714/1/9789241548960_eng.pdf
RK
Wilson
author
2015
2015
10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.06.026
10.3897/biorisk.12.12156
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/12156/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/12156/download/pdf/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/12156/download/xml/
This report recapitulates the diverse aspects of biological safety. Biological laboratory is a space that facilitates the handling and storage of microorganisms, their components or their derivatives. Laboratories that handle dangerous pathogens have to act in a responsible manner to manage the safety and security threats posed by these pathogens. This necessity was foreground in the December 2008 World at risk report, which specifically demanded bioscience laboratories that handle dangerous pathogens to implement a unified laboratory biorisk management framework to enhance their safety and security. The report also discusses the guidelines of biosafety regulations provided by World Health Organization (WHO) that are necessary to adequately and sustainably manage these biorisks and helps in better understanding of risk governance approaches for laboratories that handle dangerous pathogens to achieve the ultimate goal of minimizing or preventing the occurrence and consequences of human error within the laboratory environment: the biorisk management approach, composed of biosafety, laboratory biosecurity and ethical responsibility. It preferably provides an agreement between authorities, the public, and the scientific community establishing trust and societal safety and security, while enabling the continued progress of science. Biorisk management approach demonstrates that biorisks in all their potential forms are appropriately addressed, managed and minimized. Thus, biorisk management has become an important aspect of the development and sustainability of biological activities.
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Pensoft Publishers
Biorisk
Biosafety
biosecurity
biosafety level laboratories and laboratory management
Global Trends in Biorisk Management
Review Article
10.3897/biorisk.12.14061
2017-08-17
biorisk
Genetics Laboratory, FRIM, Kepong, Malaysia
author
Cheng, Shawn
Genetics Laboratory, FRIM, Kepong, Malaysia
author
Kar-Men, Chan
Genetics Laboratory, FRIM, Kepong, Malaysia
author
Ishak, Shah-Fadir
Entomology Branch, FRIM, Kepong, Malaysia
author
Khoo, V.
Herbarium, FRIM, Kepong, Malaysia
author
Chew, M.Y.
2017-08-17
2017-08-17
2017
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
12
25-39
2017
A description of larvae and redescription of adults of the firefly Pteroptyx valida Olivier in Selangor, Malaysia (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae), with notes on Luciolinae larvae.
L
Ballantyne
author
2002
text
The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology
2002
50
1
101
109
L
Ballantyne
author
2013
2013
10.1007/BF00984108
10.1086/415929
10.1016/j.cois.2015.01.014
H
Chiew
author
2009
2009
10.1023/A:1024876009281
10.1073/pnas.94.18.9723
L
Faust
author
2008
2008
10.1649/0010-065X-68.2.283
10.1007/978-1-61779-591-6_11
Taxonomy and behaviour of lucioline fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae) with redefinition and new species of Pygoluciola Wittmer from mainland China and review of Luciola LaPorte.
XH
Fu
author
2008
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Miles
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https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/14061/download/xml/
The aggregative, synchronously flashing firefly, Pteroptyx tener congregates on a nightly basis on Berembang trees (Sonneratia caseolaris) growing along the lower reaches of the Selangor River (West Malaysia). Every night, the males and females of this species engage one another in a pre-mating ritual of flash communication. Little is known of the dietary requirements of the adults of P. tener apart from suggestions that these beetles feed on the nectar and sap of mangrove trees. The drastic reduction in their numbers in recent years has sparked an urgency to understand their dietary needs. Here, we report on a series of probing experiments where we sequenced and analysed DNA fragments obtained from the gut contents of adult P. tener specimens. We detected coding and non-coding chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) gene sequences in the gut DNA extracts of P. tener. One DNA sequence was in reasonably good condition to allow us to match it to the cpDNA sequence of a Malvacean, that is, Heritiera littoralis, a common inhabitant of estuarine habitats. We also detected the DNA sequences of plants (cultivated and natural) that may have come from hamlets or isolated freshwater swamps located further inland. The findings reported here provide early indication that P. tener may be able to travel further inland to search for their hosts. Future research should focus on visually confirming if P. tener feeds on H. littoralis and obtaining a more complete reference DNA database of plants in the firefly habitat.
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en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Pteroptyx
tener
host
firefly
plants
chloroplast DNA
Elucidating food plants of the aggregative, synchronously flashing Southeast Asian firefly, Pteroptyx tener Olivier (Coleoptera, Lampyridae)
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.13.22316
2018-01-12
biorisk
Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
author
Unterweger, Philipp Andreas
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4122-8266
Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
author
Klammer, Jorinde
Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
author
Unger, Manuela
Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
author
Betz, Oliver
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5012-4808
2018-01-12
2018-01-12
2018
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
13
1-29
2018
Auswirkungen der Wiesenmahd auf verschiedene Käferarten ausgewählter Grünflächen im Stadtgebiet Tübingens.
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Unterweger
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Unterweger
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10.3897/biorisk.13.22316
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/22316/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/22316/download/pdf/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/22316/download/xml/
Insect conservation is challenging on various ecological scales. One largely neglected aspect is the quality of undisturbed hibernation sites. This study aims to fill a lack of knowledge concerning insect hibernation on uncut meadows persisting in urban green spaces during the winter season in a middle-sized town in south Germany. During two years of sampling, 13,511 insect specimens of the orders Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera were caught from their winter stands. The specimens were assigned to 120 families and 140 taxonomic species were determined from the orders Heteroptera, Coleoptera and Diptera and 324 morphotypes from the orders Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera. The data indicate the importance of winter fallows for insect hibernation. Unmown meadows offer additional plant structures in winter (flower heads, stems, tufts and leaves) that are absent from mown ones. This increased structural diversity results in both higher species diversity and numbers of insect individuals during spring emergence. The results of this study thus emphasise the value of unmown structures for insect conservation and suggest a mosaic-like cutting maintenance of meadows, way- and river-sides and other green infrastructure in both the urban area and the open landscape.
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Coleoptera
Diptera
green space
habitat protection
Heteroptera
hibernation
Hymenoptera
insect decline
meadow
mowing
urban ecology
Insect hibernation on urban green land: a winter-adapted mowing regime as a management tool for insect conservation
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.13.20688
2018-02-21
biorisk
Environment Agency Austria, Vienna, Austria
author
Dolezel, Marion
Environment Agency Austria, Vienna, Austria
author
Bartel, Andreas
Environment Agency Austria, Vienna, Austria
author
Heissenberger, Andreas
2018-02-21
2018-02-21
2018
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
13
31-52
2018
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10.3897/biorisk.13.20688
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https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/20688/download/xml/
In the environmental risk assessment (ERA) of genetically modified plants (GMP), the consideration of the different environments where genetically modified plants (GMP) will be commercially grown (the receiving environments) plays a crucial role. In addition, relevant protection goals which may be adversely affected by the GMP have to be considered during the ERA. Using a literature- and GIS-based approach, distribution data of protected lepidopteran species listed in Council Directive 92/43/EEC and of maize cultivation was used in order to evaluate potential spatial overlaps between GM maize and protected non-target Lepidoptera in different biogeographical regions (BGR) of the EU. Each BGR has its peculiarity regarding maize cultivation and the distribution of protected butterflies. The lepidopteran fauna of the Pannonian BGR is particularly sensitive due to large maize cultivation shares and wide distribution of protected butterflies within this BGR. For the BGRs evaluated potential, spatial exposures of protected butterflies to GM maize cannot be excluded. This study shows that the suggested approach is a useful tool for the consideration of EU-wide protected species in different receiving environments during the problem formulation of the ERA of GMPs.
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Genetically modified plants
European Union
protection goals
environmental risk assessment
Bt maize
non-target Lepidoptera
biogeographical regions
Habitats Directive
spatial analysis
Spatial analysis of the occurrence of protected butterflies in six European biogeographic regions as a tool for the environmental risk assessment of Bt maize
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.13.23514
2018-03-15
biorisk
Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
author
Karasawa, Shigenori
Kyoto Women’s University, Kyoto, Japan
author
Nakata, Kensuke
2018-03-15
2018-03-15
2018
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
13
53-76
2018
Isopodi terrestri raccolti nell'Estremo Oriente dal Prof. Filippo Silvestri.
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Arcangeli
author
1927
text
Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria della R Scuola superiore d'Agricoltura in Portici
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Bardgett
author
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301 pp
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Bowman
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Elith
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Furukawa
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10.3897/biorisk.13.23514
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/23514/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/23514/download/pdf/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/23514/download/xml/
Evaluating potential distribution areas and limiting factors for the distribution of exotic species in invasive regions are essential to identify risks and protect the native ecosystem. However, less research has been conducted on the underground ecosystem than for above-ground. Factors, limiting the distributions of exotic terrestrial isopods, have been identified and their invasive stages and potential distribution areas in Japan evaluated. A database of distribution data has been developed for 17,412 terrestrial isopod specimens in Japan and two ecological niche models constructed using 19 bioclimatic variables; the regional model was calculated using data from Japan (invasive region) only, whereas a combination of data from Japan and North America (invasive regions) and Europe (native region) was used to construct the global model. The global model predicted that annual mean temperature and mean diurnal-temperature range were the important limiting factors for most exotic isopods. It was found that Armadillidium nasatum Budde-Lund, 1833, A. vulgare Latreille, 1804, Haplophthalmus danicus Budde-Lund, 1880, Porcellio laevis Latreille, 1804, P. scaber Latreille, 1804 and Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt, 1833) were composed of stabilising and colonising populations, which enabled prediction of the future spread of distribution areas for these species in Japan. Porcellio dilatatus Brandt, 1833 was introduced in unstable environments and thus was found in fewer locations.
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Ecological niche model
Maxent
Oniscidea
precipitation
temperature
Invasion stages and potential distributions of seven exotic terrestrial isopods in Japan
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.14.30319
2019-05-09
biorisk
Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
author
Maissour, Abdellah
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5297-9386
Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
author
Benamar, Saad
2019-05-09
2019-05-09
2019
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
14
1-14
2019
10.1127/1863-9135/2009/0175-0249
K
Ahayoun
author
2007
2007
Propuesta de un índice de vegetación acuática (IVAM) para la evaluación del estado trófico de los ríos de Castilla-La Mancha: A comparación con otros índices bióticos.
M
Alcaraz
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2006
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Limnetica
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821
838
10.1080/23818107.2017.1344136
Contextualisation du Référentiel floristique pour l’utilisation des macrophytes comme bioindicateurs de l’état des cours d’eau du bassin hydraulique du sebou au Maroc.
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Benamar
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2014
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Journal International Sciences et Technique de l’Eau et de l’Environnement
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10.1007/BF00032121
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Coudreuse
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2005
FH
Dawson
author
1999
Assessment Of the Trophic Status of Rivers Using Macrophytes: Evaluation of the Mean Trophic Rank.
1999
197 pp
10.1016/S1470-160X(03)00015-3
Índice RQI para la valoración de las riberas fluviales en el contexto de la directiva marco del agua.
MG
Del Tanago
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Ingeniería Civil
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Fennane
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1999
Flore pratique du Maroc. Manuel de détermination des plantes vasculaires volume 1. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, Angiospermae (Lauraceae–Neuradaceae).
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558 pp
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Índice de Macrófitos Fluviales (IMF), una nueva herramienta para evaluar el estado ecológico de los ríos mediterráneos.
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Flor-Arnau
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Limnetica
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114
10.1016/j.gloplacha.2007.09.005
Attributes for assessing the environmental quality of riparian zones.
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10.1007/BF01866609
10.1016/j.aquabot.2016.01.006
10.1016/j.limno.2010.11.001
Testing the floristic quality assessment index as an indicator of wetland condition.
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Lopez
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Ecological Applications
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497
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10.1016/j.desal.2008.03.052
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author
2000
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Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica
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10.1080/146349801753509195
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Suárez
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2005
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318
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10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00052-0
10.1016/j.aquabot.2018.07.004
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Valdés
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Whitton
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10.3897/biorisk.14.30319
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/30319/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/30319/download/pdf/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/30319/download/xml/
One of the important tools to evaluate the ecological quality of surface water is the Macrophytes indices based on the bioindication capacity of aquatic plants. In Mediterranean rivers (France, Spain, and Portugal), the development of some macrophytes indices like l’Indice Biologique Macrophytes Rivières (IBMR), the biological metric score (BMS), as well as the Fluvial Macrophyte Index (IMF) are founded on the determination of the indicator values of the floristic reference lists. The aim of this study was to test the impact of the eco-Mediterranean differences (from one country to another) on the indicator taxa by comparing the indicator values of the Euro‐ Mediterranean macrophyte indices. With this in mind, we explore the possibility of the introduction of the Euro‐Mediterranean macrophytes-based indices in Morocco (i.e. the hydrological basin of Sebou (HBS)) as a part of a preliminary attempt to develop the first Afro-Mediterranean macrophyte index. We confirm that the ecological amplitude and species optima vary between Mediterranean ecoregions, and indicator taxa differ between countries: There are medium to small correlations between Mediterranean indices: IBMR/BMS (p = 0.000, R2 = 0.57), IMF/BMS (p = 0.000, R2 = 0.34), and IBMR/IMF (p = 0.000, R2 = 0.30). Five species exhibit major differences in indicator values: Zannichellia palustris and Potamogeton pectinatus have more eutrophic indicator values in France (IBMR) than in Spain (IMF). Potamogeton nodosus, Amblystegium riparium and Lycopus europaeus have broader ecological amplitudes in Portugal (BMS) than in France (IBMR) and in Spain (IMF), where it is restricted to eutrophic conditions. Furthermore, the three indicator systems include different indicator-taxon numbers. The comparison of the HBS elaborated list with the Euro‐Mediterranean indices revealed the low level of common taxa approximately 6.76% of all indicator species used in the French index (IBMR), 10.48% in the Portuguese index (IMF) and 12.38% in the Spanish index (BMS). These results show the inadequacy of the trophic indices approach with the HBS conditions and thus the need for the development of an index based on biotic indices approach.
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Ecological water quality
Macrophytes
reference list
bioindication
hydromorphology
Mediterranean rivers
Impact of hydromorphological pressures on the macrophytes bioindicators of the ecological water quality in Mediterranean rivers
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.14.32682
2019-06-04
biorisk
Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
author
Moreno, Roberto
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9789-0905
Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
author
Guerrero-Jimenez, Claudia Jimena
2019-06-04
2019-06-04
2019
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
14
15-24
2019
GA
Acosta-Jamett
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2001
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Bennett
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Schmiegelow
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San Vicente
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San Vicente
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Toribio Feria
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10.3897/biorisk.14.32682
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/32682/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/32682/download/pdf/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/32682/download/xml/
Natural ecosystems are increasingly being affected by climate change and fragmentation, which have a strong impact on biodiversity thus affecting habitats and species diversity of flora and fauna at all levels. As a response to this situation the idea of biological corridors was developed. This review relates the problems associated with the main concepts and definitions of the biological corridors, seeking to highlight the advantages of this tool and describing its potential applicability, and showing the importance of the biological corridors as a solution to improve the conservation of species and so as to support sustainable development in areas of high biodiversity. Examples of biological corridors in several countries are cited and its application guidelines and conservation benefits are described. In conclusion, the need to improve information on habitat and its association with wild species is highlighted through adaptive forestry that is part of a comprehensive management of forest ecosystems. In addition, it is important to monitor the effects of corridors implemented in a feedback process that allows a greater analysis and evaluation of the overall positive effects of their implementation. Finally, some management actions are proposed to improve the conservation of ecosystems.
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Ecosystem management
biodiversity conservation
biological corridor
sustainability
What about biological corridors? A review on some problems of concepts and their management
Review Article
10.3897/biorisk.14.35953
2019-07-02
biorisk
Proyecto Paisajes Vida Silvestre, Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo, Quito, Ecuador
Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
author
Medrano-Vizcaíno, Pablo
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3122-048X
2019-07-02
2019-07-02
2019
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
14
25-30
2019
10.3897/biorisk.14.35953
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/35953/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/35953/download/pdf/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/35953/download/xml/
Aspects about the feeding behavior of the Laughing falcon (Herpetotheres cachinnans)article remain poorly investigated with scarce reports of identified species ingested by this bird. Worse still, information describing how this bird ingests poisonous snakes is not known. Although this falcon eats snakes, there are no reports of feeding on Bothrops atrox. In this work, I describe this predation event and analyze how roads seem to be a potential hunting strategy that H. cachinnans exploit to prey on snakes.
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Cofán Bermejo Ecological Reserve
Diet
Equis
Raptor birds
Venomous snakes
Predating behavior of the Laughing falcon (Herpetotheres cachinnans) on the venomous Amazonian pit viper Bothrops atrox (the use of roads as a prey source)
Short Communication
10.3897/biorisk.15.49297
2020-05-04
biorisk
Environment Agency Austria, Vienna, Austria
author
Dolezel, Marion
Federal Office for the Environment, Ittigen, Switzerland
author
Lüthi, Christoph
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3228-7424
Environment Agency Austria, Vienna, Austria
author
Gaugitsch, Helmut
2020-05-04
2020-05-04
2020
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
15
1-29
2020
2017
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https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/49297/download/pdf/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/49297/download/xml/
Gene drive organisms (GDOs) have been suggested as approaches to combat some of the most pressing environmental and public health issues. No such organisms have so far been released into the environment, but it remains unclear whether the relevant regulatory provisions will be fit for purpose to cover their potential environmental, human and animal health risks if environmental releases of GDOs are envisaged. We evaluate the novel features of GDOs and outline the resulting challenges for the environmental risk assessment. These are related to the definition of the receiving environment, the use of the comparative approach, the definition of potential harm, the stepwise testing approach, the assessment of long-term and large-scale risks at population and ecosystem level and the post-release monitoring of adverse effects. Fundamental adaptations as well as the development of adequate risk assessment methodologies are needed in order to enable an operational risk assessment for globally spreading GDOs before these organisms are released into environments in the EU.
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
environmental risk assessment
European Union
gene drive
genetically modified organism
GMO
Beyond limits – the pitfalls of global gene drives for environmental risk assessment in the European Union
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.15.58455
2020-12-02
biorisk
Polytechnic University of Quintana Roo, Cancun, Mexico
author
Borbolla-Vazquez, Jessica
CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico, Mexico
author
Ugalde-Silva, Paul
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5625-3862
University of Quintana Roo, Cancun, Mexico
author
León-Borges, José Antonio
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3992-8696
Polytechnic University of Quintana Roo, Cancun, Mexico
author
Díaz-Hernández, Job Alí
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2497-1157
2020-12-02
2020-12-02
2020
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
15
31-43
2020
10.1007/s100400050152
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10.3897/biorisk.15.58455
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/58455/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/58455/download/pdf/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/58455/download/xml/
The large increase in population in Cancun, Mexico has increased domestic, agricultural and industrial activities, resulting in inadequate solid and liquid waste management that can affect underground aquifers. One of the factors which affects water quality is coliform bacteria. The present study focused on determining the presence of total and faecal coliforms in ten urban cenotes in Cancun. Sampling was carried out in the dry and rainy seasons of 2018. The Most Probable Number (MPN) technique was used to determine the concentration of coliform bacteria. The results from the analyses indicate that the ten cenotes are contaminated with total and faecal coliforms. Additionally, the concentration of coliforms increases during the rainy season. We conclude that all the cenotes are contaminated with faecal coliforms and suggest that more studies are necessary to determine the origin of this contamination and the impact on the ecosystem.
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
cenote
faecal coliform
total coliform
underground water
Total and faecal coliforms presence in cenotes of Cancun; Quintana Roo, Mexico
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.15.59823
2020-12-29
biorisk
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Büro Lang, Zell im Wiesental, Germany
author
Lang, Andreas
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5664-8485
Büro Geyer & Dolek, Wörthsee, Germany
author
Dolek, Matthias
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3778-9482
Agrotecnio Center-University, Lleida, Spain
author
Lee, Marina
Büro Geyer & Dolek, Wörthsee, Germany
author
Freese-Hager, Anja
Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany
author
Otto, Mathias
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3161-5625
2020-12-29
2020-12-29
2020
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
15
45-65
2020
10.1079/9780851998619.0000
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Rennwald
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de Vries MF
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10.3897/biorisk.15.59823
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/59823/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/59823/download/pdf/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/59823/download/xml/
Bt maize targeting Lepidopteran pests poses potential risks for non-target (NT) butterflies and moths which are addressed in the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified crop plants. For this purpose, eco-toxicological tests are often conducted with specific NT species in the laboratory in order to assess possible adverse effects. As only a limited number of surrogate species can be addressed, the choice of focal species to be tested is an important decision. However, practical and standardised selection procedures have hardly been developed and applied for NT Lepidoptera, so far. Here, we present a transparent and systematic selection process of suitable test species for Germany, involving selection criteria such as exposure to Bt maize, habitat range and laboratory maintenance of the species. As a result, we compiled a list of 15 lepidopteran species particularly appropriate for testing the adverse effects of Bt maize in the laboratory. In addition, we collected and reviewed published reports for breeding methods of Lepidoptera, which provides essential information on maintaining lab stocks of NT Lepidoptera. The presented selection procedure allows focusing on the relevant test species in a transparent and reproducible way, and supplies the breeding knowledge required to breed and maintain them, which will be of great utility for the future assessment on possible risks of Bt maize cultivation to non-target Lepidoptera.
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
breeding
Bt maize
ecotoxicity
GMO
Lepidoptera
risk assessment
species selection
test species
Selection of non-target Lepidoptera species to test Bt maize effects in the laboratory: which species and how to breed them?
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.16.61099
2021-03-09
biorisk
Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
author
Seidel, Matthias
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4913-8778
Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
author
Lüttke, Maren
Unaffiliated, Plourin-lès-Morlaix, France
author
Cocquempot, Christian
The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
author
Potts, Katy
Unaffiliated, Oxon, United Kingdom
author
Heeney, Wil J.
Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
author
Husemann, Martin
2021-03-09
2021-03-09
2021
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
16
1-13
2021
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Sláma
author
1998
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S
Steiner
author
1997
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Chlorophorus annularis F., 1787 (Col., Cerambycidae) – auch im Rheinland importiert.
K
Stock
author
2001
text
Mitteilungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Rheinischer Koleopterologen
2001
11
3
139
140
10.1007/s12600-017-0632-8
O
Tuurala
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1945
1945
Notas sobre icornios ibéricos (V). Cerambícidos importados o aclimatados en la Península Ibérica (ColeopteraCerambycidae).
E
Vives
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1995
text
Zapateri Revista aragonesa de Entomología
1995
5
165
174
10.1093/jme/tjx166
Über seltenes oder bemerkenswertes Auftreten von Hausungeziefer und Vorratsschädlingen in Hamburg.
H
Weidner
author
1954
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Zeitschrift für Angewandte Zoologie
1954
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2
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10.1007/BF01902578
10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01505.x
10.3897/biorisk.16.61099
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/61099/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/61099/download/pdf/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/61099/download/xml/
The Asian bamboo borer Chlorophorus annularis is a beetle species that has been introduced in many countries globally. Originating in Southeast Asia, it can now be found in the Americas, South Africa, the Middle East, Australasia and Europe. The literature record of the species in Europe consists of findings of single individuals usually associated with imported bamboo products. A general European effort in surveying C. annularis was never undertaken, since the overall scientific consensus was that the species cannot establish here. Yet, recent records in Genk, Torhout (Belgium) and in Hamburg (Germany) do not seem directly associated with a recently imported product and hence may indicate otherwise. Such a shortfall in recording commonly imported, potentially invasive species may be counteracted through citizen science initiatives, allowing for continuous, high density monitoring. In this paper we present thirteen new records of the species from five European countries, including two new country records, mostly going back to interested citizen scientists.
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
bamboo
Cerambycidae
Coleoptera
Hamburg
insect
invasion biology
neozoa
pest organism
Citizen scientists significantly improve our knowledge on the non-native longhorn beetle Chlorophorus annularis (Fabricius, 1787) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in Europe
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.17.84978
2022-04-21
biorisk
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
author
Chankova, Stephka
2022-04-21
2022-04-21
2022
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
17
1-5
2022
10.3897/biorisk.17.84978
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/84978/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/84978/download/pdf/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/84978/download/xml/
none
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
none
International seminar of ecology – 2021 “Current trends of ecology”
Editorial
10.3897/biorisk.17.77438
2022-04-21
biorisk
Institute of biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
author
Metcheva, Roumiana
Institute of biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
author
Ostoich, Peter
Institute of biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
author
Beltcheva, Michaela
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0107-6130
2022-04-21
2022-04-21
2022
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
17
7-18
2022
10.3897/biorisk.17.77438
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/77438/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/77438/download/pdf/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/77438/download/xml/
The problem of environmental pollution is becoming increasingly important on a global scale. Man has oversaturated the environment of his habitat with harmful and most often toxic waste. It is difficult to describe all the toxic substances, as a separate book can be written for each group. The term “ecocide” has been introduced, which reflects large-scale destruction of the natural environment. We will focus only on three classes of pollutants that are of particular concern, creating environmental conflicts. These are: • Pesticides are extremely toxic and create large amounts of non-degradable waste. It accumulates in tissues and organs of target organisms, becoming toxic and causing serious pathological changes in the body, mainly at the cellular and subcellular levels, causing various diseases and as a result, serious changes in the structure and functions of the populations and the whole ecosystem are increasingly observed. • Waste from the nuclear industry and radioactive fallout from nuclear explosions. It is especially dangerous that radioactive elements can be concentrated in certain organs. • Petroleum products - often large quantities end up in the seas and oceans, along with industrial waste of various kinds, impossible to compensate for by nature and they pose a serious threat to ecosystems, many of which have already been destroyed. At the submolecular level, chemical and physical effects can lead to genetic rearrangements (mutations); destructive ionization in the tissues of every living being, sometimes with completely unexpected consequences for humans.
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Pesticides
petroleum products
radionuclides
Ecocide – global consequences (pesticides, radionuclides, petroleum products)
Research Article
10.3897/biorisk.17.77458
2022-04-21
biorisk
Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
author
Nikolova, Radina
Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
author
Petkova, Michaella
N. Poushkarov Institute of Soil Science, Agrotechnologies and Plant Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
author
Dinev, Nikolai
Sofia University “St. Kl. Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
author
Kenarova, Anelia
Sofia University “St. Kl. Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
author
Boteva, Silvena
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
author
Berov, Dimitar
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5235-7800
Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
author
Radeva, Galina
2022-04-21
2022-04-21
2022
BioRisk
1313-2652
1313-2644
17
19-30
2022
Bacterial abundance along a gradient of heavy metal contaminated soils in the region of Zlatitsa-Pirdop valley, Western Bulgaria.
M
Aleksova
author
2020
text
Comptes rendus de l’Academie bulgare des Sciences
2020
73
3
433
442
10.5772/intechopen.96805
10.1111/1574-6941.12212
10.1016/j.apsoil.2012.11.004
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.096
10.1007/BF00170116
10.1016/j.apsoil.2018.10.022
10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.08.021
10.1128/AEM.71.7.4117-4120.2005
10.1007/s00248-013-0344-7
10.1007/s11356-015-4186-3
10.1371/journal.pone.0255137
2005
2005
ISO 10390 (2005) Soil quality – Determination of pH. https://www.iso.org/standard/40879.html
1998
1998
ISO 11047 (1998) Soil quality – Determination of cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc – Flame and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric methods. https://www.iso.org/standard/24010.html
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.060
A
Kachinsky
author
1958
1958
10.1016/j.rsma.2019.100524
10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c33
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111493
10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c24
10.1007/s11270-017-3655-3
Relationships between Soil Microbial Activity, Bacterial Diversity and Abiotic Factors Along the Heavy Metal Contamination Gradient.
DD
Palov
author
2020
text
Ecologia Balkanica
2020
3
31
39
10.1002/ece3.4170
10.1016/j.apsoil.2021.104162
10.5402/2011/402647
10.3389/fmicb.2019.01867
10.1038/srep14266
10.1007/s00248-016-0821-x
10.1111/1462-2920.14407
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.136
10.3897/biorisk.17.77458
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/77458/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/77458/download/pdf/
https://biorisk.pensoft.net/article/77458/download/xml/
In the present study, the correlation between bacterial abundance and soil physicochemical properties along the heavy metal contamination gradient in the area of non-ferrous metal processing plant was assessed. Our results showed that bacterial abundance (number of heterotrophic bacteria and number of 16S rRNA gene copies) decreased with 45–56% (CFU) and 54–87% (16S rRNA gene) along the Zn, Pb and Cd contamination gradient. The total bacterial abundance (16S rRNA gene) increased exponentially in contrast to the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria. The reduction of bacterial abundance in heavily contaminated soil indicated that the soil properties (soil pH, total organic carbon, inorganic ions, soil texture) could modify the effects of heavy metals and the response of microorganisms to that stress in long-term contaminated soils.
text/html
en_US
Pensoft Publishers
Bacterial abundance
16S rRNA gene
heavy metals
soil contamination
soil properties
Correlation between bacterial abundance, soil properties and heavy metal contamination in the area of non-ferrous metal processing plant, Southern Bulgaria
Research Article
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